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<p>Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is envisioned to play a key role in future mobile networks due to enhanced network control flexibility and traffic engineering capabilities. Traditional centralized single-controller SDN architecture, however, faces Control Plane (CP) scalability issues that limit its effective use in large-scale carrier-grade networks. While introducing multi-controller architectures into the network design can partially alleviate the scalability problem, the estimation of benefits and costs is very complex. Moreover, state-of-the-art models are often simplified and lack real-life evaluations, making it difficult to assess the actual impact of CP distribution on the performance and deployment costs of multi-controller networks. This paper addresses these concerns by proposing theoretical models to evaluate SDN CP scalability in centralized and hierarchical SDN, considering both CP performance and consumed resources. The model is evaluated empirically using common open-source SDN emulation tools. The results show evident scalability gains in hierarchical architectures, making them suitable for carrier-grade SDN setups.</p>

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Evaluating Scalability of Hierarchical Multi-controller SDN: A Holistic Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Robert Kołakowski,
  • Sławomir Kukliński,
  • Lechosław Tomaszewski

摘要

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is envisioned to play a key role in future mobile networks due to enhanced network control flexibility and traffic engineering capabilities. Traditional centralized single-controller SDN architecture, however, faces Control Plane (CP) scalability issues that limit its effective use in large-scale carrier-grade networks. While introducing multi-controller architectures into the network design can partially alleviate the scalability problem, the estimation of benefits and costs is very complex. Moreover, state-of-the-art models are often simplified and lack real-life evaluations, making it difficult to assess the actual impact of CP distribution on the performance and deployment costs of multi-controller networks. This paper addresses these concerns by proposing theoretical models to evaluate SDN CP scalability in centralized and hierarchical SDN, considering both CP performance and consumed resources. The model is evaluated empirically using common open-source SDN emulation tools. The results show evident scalability gains in hierarchical architectures, making them suitable for carrier-grade SDN setups.