Cluster-Based Hybrid Approach for PCI Configuration and Optimization in 5G EN-DC Heterogeneous Networks

With the development of 5G technologies and the implementation of EN-DC architecture in heterogeneous networks, managing Physical Cell Identity (PCI) has become increasingly complex. EN-DC, facilitating the coexistence of eNBs and gNBs, creates a densely populated environment that heightens the risk of PCI collisions and confusions. This study introduces a novel hybrid approach to PCI configuration in EN-DC networks, integrating centralized and distributed strategies. By organizing the network into clusters and employing newly introduced algorithms, Symmetrical Comparison (SC) and Symmetrical Triangular Cycling (STC), the method efficiently identifies and resolves PCI confusions. Simulations were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model under various scenarios, revealing its proficiency in preventing PCI confusion and \(mod 30\) $mod30$ collisions. The results underscore the critical role of PCI pool size and offer insights into network planning and optimization. Despite some challenges in handling specific collisions, such as \(mod 3\) $mod3$ and \(mod 4\) $mod4$ , the study suggests that incorporating reinforcement learning techniques could provide more adaptive solutions, laying the foundation for future research in this area. The research contributes to the evolving landscape of 5G EN-DC networks, emphasizing the importance of intelligent design and meticulous planning in network management.