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<p>The X-ray imaging technique has evolved into one of the most effective inspection methods for evaluating internal degradation of bridges. For the inspection of grout loss in bridge evaluation, a numerical model was established to analyze its detectability in the X-ray non-destructive inspection. Different cases were developed by adjusting the rod radius and grout fraction inside the sheath in terms of the rod-to-sheath structure. The simulated projection revealed that the gray value difference of the healthy side Z<sub>G</sub> is lower than that of the air mixed side Z<sub>A+G</sub>, which agrees well with the lower attenuation coefficient of air compared with grout. A relative ratio R<sub>G</sub> was further defined to evaluate the detectability of each structure. Besides, small rod radius and large loss ratio led to significant differences between healthy and air mixed parts, indicating a better detectability of the structure. Additionally, the hypothesis testing was used to determine whether the structure was successfully detected based on the given p-value. The failures of the detections demonstrate the limitation of the X-ray source in inspecting tiny structures. Overall, the study is helpful in guiding the on-site bridge inspection and evaluation using X-rays theoretically.</p>

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Numerical Investigation on the X-ray Imaging Inspection for Grout Loss Evaluation of Bridges

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Zhenjun Li,
  • Hengxi Chen,
  • Akio Sugita,
  • Masahiro Abe,
  • Shuichi Hasegawa

摘要

The X-ray imaging technique has evolved into one of the most effective inspection methods for evaluating internal degradation of bridges. For the inspection of grout loss in bridge evaluation, a numerical model was established to analyze its detectability in the X-ray non-destructive inspection. Different cases were developed by adjusting the rod radius and grout fraction inside the sheath in terms of the rod-to-sheath structure. The simulated projection revealed that the gray value difference of the healthy side ZG is lower than that of the air mixed side ZA+G, which agrees well with the lower attenuation coefficient of air compared with grout. A relative ratio RG was further defined to evaluate the detectability of each structure. Besides, small rod radius and large loss ratio led to significant differences between healthy and air mixed parts, indicating a better detectability of the structure. Additionally, the hypothesis testing was used to determine whether the structure was successfully detected based on the given p-value. The failures of the detections demonstrate the limitation of the X-ray source in inspecting tiny structures. Overall, the study is helpful in guiding the on-site bridge inspection and evaluation using X-rays theoretically.