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<p>Frequency constraints limit traditional microwave nondestructive testing (MNDT) methods, while time-domain time-reversal approaches suffer from restricted bandwidth and sampling resolution. These limitations reduce the ability to detect profound or subtle defects in composite materials. To overcome this, we propose a novel frequency-domain time-reversal microwave nondestructive testing (FD-TRMNDT) method. This method scans the material under test (MUT) using an adaptive source positioning principle derived from time-reversal theory and identifies internal defects by tracking phase variations in the frequency-domain response. A time-reversal operator is constructed from multi-frequency S-parameters to enhance focusing and resolution. Experimental validation was performed on composite samples containing simulated air bubble defects. The proposed technique successfully detected defects as small as 0.027 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10921_2025_1218_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>λ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (approximately 2 mm in diameter), with localization errors less than 0.1 <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10921_2025_1218_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>λ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The experimental results closely matched full-wave simulations, confirming the method’s accuracy and practical applicability.</p>

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Frequency Domain Time Reversal Adaptive Focusing on Nondestructive Testing Imaging Method for Composite Materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月26日

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  • Shan Tian,
  • Xiaoqing Yang,
  • Huajiang Peng,
  • Ting Zhang,
  • Feng Gao,
  • Jieping Wu

摘要

Frequency constraints limit traditional microwave nondestructive testing (MNDT) methods, while time-domain time-reversal approaches suffer from restricted bandwidth and sampling resolution. These limitations reduce the ability to detect profound or subtle defects in composite materials. To overcome this, we propose a novel frequency-domain time-reversal microwave nondestructive testing (FD-TRMNDT) method. This method scans the material under test (MUT) using an adaptive source positioning principle derived from time-reversal theory and identifies internal defects by tracking phase variations in the frequency-domain response. A time-reversal operator is constructed from multi-frequency S-parameters to enhance focusing and resolution. Experimental validation was performed on composite samples containing simulated air bubble defects. The proposed technique successfully detected defects as small as 0.027 \(\lambda \) λ (approximately 2 mm in diameter), with localization errors less than 0.1 \(\lambda \) λ . The experimental results closely matched full-wave simulations, confirming the method’s accuracy and practical applicability.