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<p>Amazonia is home to some of the most diverse communities of platyrrhine primates today. The group’s past diversity in this region is thought to have been equally flourishing, but this remains somewhat elusive, as fossils discovered to date are still extremely rare. Here, we report new fossil remains of platyrrhines, four isolated teeth and a fragment of talus, discovered in detrital deposits of the Upper Solimões Formation (Neogene), exposed in the State of Acre, Brazil (Western Amazonia). This material is admittedly limited but the distinctive occlusal patterns and wide range of tooth sizes clearly point to four different taxa. The best-preserved teeth are two upper molars, one of which has been identified as belonging to a new ateline taxon (<i>Parabrachyteles vesperus</i> gen. et sp. nov.), close to the living muriquis (<i>Brachyteles</i>; i.e., Atelinae Atelidae), and the other to a new cebine taxon (<i>Migmacebus juruaensis</i> gen. et sp. nov.), appearing as a morphological chimera of the living squirrel monkeys (<i>Saimiri</i>) and capuchins (<i>Sapajus</i> and <i>Cebus</i>) (i.e., Cebinae Cebidae). A moderately well-preserved upper premolar suggests the presence of a possible medium-sized capuchin-like taxon (?Cebinae), while a fragmentary lower molar indicates the presence of a tiny marmoset (i.e., Callitrichinae Cebidae), roughly similar in size to the pygmy marmoset (<i>Cebuella</i>). The talus, severely damaged and incomplete, belonged to a medium-sized platyrrhine (Cebinae?). The taxa reported here are distinct from those previously identified in the Upper Solimões Formation of the Acre Basin (i.e., <i>Stirtonia</i>, <i>Solimoea</i>, and <i>Acrecebus</i>), and thus considerably increase the diversity of Miocene primates in this region of Brazilian Amazonia, more than doubling it. The discovery in Western Amazonia of a stem ateline, seemingly one of the earliest representatives of the muriqui lineage, highlights the historical biogeography of this emblematic group of large-bodied platyrrhines, today restricted to the Atlantic Forest, and among the most critically endangered Neotropical primates.</p>

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New records of platyrrhine primates (Atelidae and Cebidae) from the Miocene of Western Amazonia, State of Acre, Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Laurent Marivaux,
  • Francisco Ricardo Negri,
  • Pierre-Olivier Antoine,
  • Narla S. Stutz,
  • Myriam Boivin,
  • Emmanuelle Fontoura,
  • Letícia Pales,
  • Annie S. Hsiou,
  • François Pujos,
  • Martin Roddaz,
  • Roberto Ventura Santos,
  • André M. V. Alvim,
  • Tiago R. F. Jacó,
  • Ana Maria Ribeiro

摘要

Amazonia is home to some of the most diverse communities of platyrrhine primates today. The group’s past diversity in this region is thought to have been equally flourishing, but this remains somewhat elusive, as fossils discovered to date are still extremely rare. Here, we report new fossil remains of platyrrhines, four isolated teeth and a fragment of talus, discovered in detrital deposits of the Upper Solimões Formation (Neogene), exposed in the State of Acre, Brazil (Western Amazonia). This material is admittedly limited but the distinctive occlusal patterns and wide range of tooth sizes clearly point to four different taxa. The best-preserved teeth are two upper molars, one of which has been identified as belonging to a new ateline taxon (Parabrachyteles vesperus gen. et sp. nov.), close to the living muriquis (Brachyteles; i.e., Atelinae Atelidae), and the other to a new cebine taxon (Migmacebus juruaensis gen. et sp. nov.), appearing as a morphological chimera of the living squirrel monkeys (Saimiri) and capuchins (Sapajus and Cebus) (i.e., Cebinae Cebidae). A moderately well-preserved upper premolar suggests the presence of a possible medium-sized capuchin-like taxon (?Cebinae), while a fragmentary lower molar indicates the presence of a tiny marmoset (i.e., Callitrichinae Cebidae), roughly similar in size to the pygmy marmoset (Cebuella). The talus, severely damaged and incomplete, belonged to a medium-sized platyrrhine (Cebinae?). The taxa reported here are distinct from those previously identified in the Upper Solimões Formation of the Acre Basin (i.e., Stirtonia, Solimoea, and Acrecebus), and thus considerably increase the diversity of Miocene primates in this region of Brazilian Amazonia, more than doubling it. The discovery in Western Amazonia of a stem ateline, seemingly one of the earliest representatives of the muriqui lineage, highlights the historical biogeography of this emblematic group of large-bodied platyrrhines, today restricted to the Atlantic Forest, and among the most critically endangered Neotropical primates.