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<p>We present experimental data on the transition to turbulent drag as measured with a superconducting nanowire resonator submerged in superfluid <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>4</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>He above 1&#xa0;K. The transition shows clear hysteretic behaviour in switching between laminar and turbulent regimes, stronger than most previous works in the two-fluid regime. We present and discuss the temperature-dependence of this effect in connection to the instability of the flow in the superfluid component of He II. Additionally, multistability of the turbulent flow is reported, with three distinct metastable states appearing at temperatures below 1.5&#xa0;K.</p>

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Hysteresis and Multistability at the Transition to Turbulence Probed with a NEMS Wire in Superfluid Helium

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Š. Midlik,
  • P. Danylchenko,
  • A. N. Gheorghe,
  • S. Harašta,
  • J. Mikeš,
  • D. E. Zmeev,
  • D. Schmoranzer

摘要

We present experimental data on the transition to turbulent drag as measured with a superconducting nanowire resonator submerged in superfluid \(^4\) 4 He above 1 K. The transition shows clear hysteretic behaviour in switching between laminar and turbulent regimes, stronger than most previous works in the two-fluid regime. We present and discuss the temperature-dependence of this effect in connection to the instability of the flow in the superfluid component of He II. Additionally, multistability of the turbulent flow is reported, with three distinct metastable states appearing at temperatures below 1.5 K.