<p>Superfluid liquid <sup>4</sup>He consists of superfluid and normal components. The superfluid component has zero viscosity and zero entropy, therefore flows without dissipation. The normal component carries heat and can produce a high velocity flow which leads to very high thermal conductivity. In neutron scattering and muon spectroscopy experiments with powder samples, <sup>4</sup>He gas is often used as&#xa0;an exchange medium to thermalise the sample. Samples are usually cooled using a dilution refrigerator with installed capillaries which admit <sup>4</sup>He into the experimental volume. Below 2&#xa0;K the inner surface of the capillary is covered with a superfluid <sup>4</sup>He film, which can thermally link stages of the&#xa0;dilution refrigerator with a catastrophic effect on its performance. In our experiment, we utilised a 0.1% mixture of <sup>3</sup>He in <sup>4</sup>He to disrupt the superfluid helium film flow and, as a result, significantly reduced the parasitic thermal flow to the experimental can. The addition of a small amount of <sup>3</sup>He into <sup>4</sup>He allows a significant improvement of thermal performance when using this technique in neutron scattering experiments at very low temperatures.</p>

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Disruption of Superfluid Helium Film Flow in a Filling Capillary

  • Alexander Jones,
  • Oleg Kirichek,
  • Sasha Horney,
  • Christopher Lawson

摘要

Superfluid liquid 4He consists of superfluid and normal components. The superfluid component has zero viscosity and zero entropy, therefore flows without dissipation. The normal component carries heat and can produce a high velocity flow which leads to very high thermal conductivity. In neutron scattering and muon spectroscopy experiments with powder samples, 4He gas is often used as an exchange medium to thermalise the sample. Samples are usually cooled using a dilution refrigerator with installed capillaries which admit 4He into the experimental volume. Below 2 K the inner surface of the capillary is covered with a superfluid 4He film, which can thermally link stages of the dilution refrigerator with a catastrophic effect on its performance. In our experiment, we utilised a 0.1% mixture of 3He in 4He to disrupt the superfluid helium film flow and, as a result, significantly reduced the parasitic thermal flow to the experimental can. The addition of a small amount of 3He into 4He allows a significant improvement of thermal performance when using this technique in neutron scattering experiments at very low temperatures.