<p>In this work, the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of a doped borophene monolayer were investigated using Monte Carlo simulations based on the Metropolis algorithm. The system, composed of spin-<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$1$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> boron atoms and spin-<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$3/2$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> dopant atoms, was analyzed under varying exchange couplings, anisotropies, and external magnetic fields. Results show that increasing <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${J}_{AA}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>J</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">AA</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> enhances the thermal stability of the ferrimagnetic phase and shifts the critical temperature to higher values, while anisotropy modifies the transition behavior. The magnetocaloric response exhibits pronounced entropy change <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\left( { - \Delta S_{{\text{m}}} } \right)$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mtext>m</mtext> </msub> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and adiabatic temperature change <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\Delta {T}_{ad}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">ad</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> peaks around <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${T}_{c}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, whose magnitudes decrease for stronger couplings. Moreover, the relative cooling power (RCP) increases with higher magnetic fields, confirming the system’s efficiency and tunability for nanoscale magnetic refrigeration applications.</p>

Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effect of Borophene Monolayer Doped: A Monte Carlo Study

期刊论文
发表日期：

2026年4月5日

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A. Azdouh,
Z. Elmghabar,
A. El Ghazrani,
A. Elidrysy,
S. Harir,
R. Ahl Laamara

摘要

In this work, the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of a doped borophene monolayer were investigated using Monte Carlo simulations based on the Metropolis algorithm. The system, composed of spin- $1$ $1$ boron atoms and spin- $3/2$ $3 / 2$ dopant atoms, was analyzed under varying exchange couplings, anisotropies, and external magnetic fields. Results show that increasing ${J}_{AA}$ $J_{AA}$ enhances the thermal stability of the ferrimagnetic phase and shifts the critical temperature to higher values, while anisotropy modifies the transition behavior. The magnetocaloric response exhibits pronounced entropy change $\left( { - \Delta S_{{\text{m}}} } \right)$ $(- Δ S_{m})$ and adiabatic temperature change $\Delta {T}_{ad}$ $Δ T_{ad}$ peaks around ${T}_{c}$ $T_{c}$ , whose magnitudes decrease for stronger couplings. Moreover, the relative cooling power (RCP) increases with higher magnetic fields, confirming the system’s efficiency and tunability for nanoscale magnetic refrigeration applications.