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<p>We present a simulation framework for the electro-thermal modeling of AlMn transition-edge sensors (TESs) with large-area absorbers, which are essential for the Wide-band X-ray Polarization Telescope (WXPT) to achieve high quantum efficiency across the 3–60 keV science band. The framework incorporates the two-fluid model for the superconducting transition and a dedicated thermal model for the <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{SiN}_{\textrm{x}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>SiN</mtext> <mtext>x</mtext> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> membrane. After experimental validation, the model is applied to quantify position-dependent energy broadening. We implemented an efficient sparse-sampling strategy to map the spatial response. Under a fixed heat-capacity budget, the position-induced broadening is contained below <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(6.97\ \textrm{eV}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>6.97</mn> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mtext>eV</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> @ <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(59.5\ \textrm{keV}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>59.5</mn> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mtext>keV</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This result is achieved for absorbers with a side length of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sim 1\ \textrm{mm}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>∼</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mtext>mm</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and supporting pillar widths under <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(50\ \upmu \textrm{m}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>50</mn> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, further confirming the design’s effectiveness. This work provides a predictive simulation tool and concrete geometrical constraints to guide the design of the WXPT focal-plane array.</p>

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Modeling the Position-Dependent Photon Response in the TES Detector with a 100-\(\upmu m\)-Thick Large Absorber for the WXPT Mission

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • Junjie Zhou,
  • Yifei Zhang,
  • Zhouhui Liu,
  • Zhengwei Li,
  • Xuefeng Lu,
  • Xiaolan Huang,
  • Daikang Yan,
  • Jiangzhen Hong,
  • Zhen Zhao,
  • Zixin Zhao,
  • Liangpeng Xie,
  • Yong Zhao,
  • Congzhan Liu

摘要

We present a simulation framework for the electro-thermal modeling of AlMn transition-edge sensors (TESs) with large-area absorbers, which are essential for the Wide-band X-ray Polarization Telescope (WXPT) to achieve high quantum efficiency across the 3–60 keV science band. The framework incorporates the two-fluid model for the superconducting transition and a dedicated thermal model for the \(\textrm{SiN}_{\textrm{x}}\) SiN x membrane. After experimental validation, the model is applied to quantify position-dependent energy broadening. We implemented an efficient sparse-sampling strategy to map the spatial response. Under a fixed heat-capacity budget, the position-induced broadening is contained below \(6.97\ \textrm{eV}\) 6.97 eV @ \(59.5\ \textrm{keV}\) 59.5 keV . This result is achieved for absorbers with a side length of \(\sim 1\ \textrm{mm}\) ∼ 1 mm and supporting pillar widths under \(50\ \upmu \textrm{m}\) 50 μ m , further confirming the design’s effectiveness. This work provides a predictive simulation tool and concrete geometrical constraints to guide the design of the WXPT focal-plane array.