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<p>As the spatial dimension is lowered, locally stabilizing interactions are reduced, leading to the emergence of strongly fluctuating phases of matter without classical analogues. Realizing 1D platforms has been elusive, due to their inherent lack of stability, with a few notable exceptions such as spin chains and ultracold low-density gasses. The inability of such systems to exhibit long range order is essential to their universal description in terms of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory. Here we report on the experimental observation of a one-dimensional quantum liquid of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10909_2025_3295_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>4</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>He using nanoengineering to confine it within a porous material preplated with a noble gas to enhance dimensional reduction. The resulting excitations of the confined <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10909_2025_3295_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="8" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>4</mn> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>He, confirmed by neutron scattering, are qualitatively different than three- and two-dimensional superfluid helium, and consistent with Quantum Monte Carlo calculations. The results can be analyzed in terms of a mobile impurity in an otherwise linear Luttinger liquid allowing for the extraction of the microscopic parameters describing the emergent quantum liquid.</p>

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Experimental Realization of One-Dimensional Helium

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月25日

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  • Paul E. Sokol,
  • Adrian Del Maestro,
  • Sutirtha Paul,
  • Nathan Nichols,
  • Timothy Prisk,
  • Garfield Warren

摘要

As the spatial dimension is lowered, locally stabilizing interactions are reduced, leading to the emergence of strongly fluctuating phases of matter without classical analogues. Realizing 1D platforms has been elusive, due to their inherent lack of stability, with a few notable exceptions such as spin chains and ultracold low-density gasses. The inability of such systems to exhibit long range order is essential to their universal description in terms of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory. Here we report on the experimental observation of a one-dimensional quantum liquid of \(^4\) 4 He using nanoengineering to confine it within a porous material preplated with a noble gas to enhance dimensional reduction. The resulting excitations of the confined \(^4\) 4 He, confirmed by neutron scattering, are qualitatively different than three- and two-dimensional superfluid helium, and consistent with Quantum Monte Carlo calculations. The results can be analyzed in terms of a mobile impurity in an otherwise linear Luttinger liquid allowing for the extraction of the microscopic parameters describing the emergent quantum liquid.