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<p>In the framework of the Gross-Pitaevskii theory, based on the double-parabola approximation method, we successfully found the expressions for dispersion relations of three NG modes of two immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates restricted by a hard wall (two phonons and a ripplon). For the first condensate component, which is not confined by a hard wall, we found one phonon and one ripplon. Meanwhile, for the second component confined by a hard wall, we found only one phonon (the dispersion relation depends on the position of the hard wall), and this manifests explicitly the finite-size effect.</p>

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Nambu-Goldstone Modes in Two Segregated Bose-Einstein Condensates Limited by a Hard Wall

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月12日

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  • Hoang Van Quyet

摘要

In the framework of the Gross-Pitaevskii theory, based on the double-parabola approximation method, we successfully found the expressions for dispersion relations of three NG modes of two immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates restricted by a hard wall (two phonons and a ripplon). For the first condensate component, which is not confined by a hard wall, we found one phonon and one ripplon. Meanwhile, for the second component confined by a hard wall, we found only one phonon (the dispersion relation depends on the position of the hard wall), and this manifests explicitly the finite-size effect.