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Cosmic Ray Susceptibility of the Terahertz Intensity Mapper Detector Arrays

  • Lun-Jun Liu,
  • Reinier M. J. Janssen,
  • Bruce Bumble,
  • Elijah Kane,
  • Logan M. Foote,
  • Charles M. Bradford,
  • Steven Hailey Dunsheath,
  • Shubh Agrawal,
  • James E. Aguirre,
  • Hrushi Athreya,
  • Justin S. Bracks,
  • Brockton S. Brendal,
  • Anthony J. Corso,
  • Jeffrey P. Filippini,
  • Jianyang Fu,
  • Christopher E. Groppi,
  • Dylan Joralmon,
  • Ryan P. Keenan,
  • Mikolaj Kowalik,
  • Ian N. Lowe,
  • Alex Manduca,
  • Daniel P. Marrone,
  • Philip D. Mauskopf,
  • Evan C. Mayer,
  • Rong Nie,
  • Vesal Razavimaleki,
  • Talia Saeid,
  • Isaac Trumper,
  • Joaquin D. Vieira

摘要

We report on the effects of cosmic ray interactions with the kinetic inductance detector (KID)-based focal plane array for the terahertz intensity mapper (TIM). TIM is a NASA-funded balloon-borne experiment designed to probe the peak of the star formation in the Universe. It employs two spectroscopic bands, each equipped with a focal plane of four \(\sim \,\) 900-pixel, KID-based array chips. Measurements of an 864-pixel TIM array show 791 resonators in a 0.5 GHz bandwidth. We discuss challenges with resonator calibration caused by this high multiplexing density. We robustly identify the physical positions of 788 (99.6 %) detectors using a custom LED-based identification scheme. Using this information, we show that cosmic ray events occur at a rate of 2.1 \(\,\mathrm {events/min/cm^2}\) events / min / cm 2 in our array. 66 % of the events affect a single pixel, and other 33 % affect \(<\,\) < 5 KIDs per event spread over a 0.66 \(\,\mathrm {cm^2}\) cm 2 region (2 pixel pitches in radius). We observe a total cosmic ray dead fraction of 0.0011 % and predict that the maximum possible in-flight dead fraction is \(\sim \,\) 0.124 %, which demonstrates our design will be robust against these high-energy events.