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Planar Aerogel and Superfluid 3He, Structure and Transitions

  • J. W. Scott,
  • M. D. Nguyen,
  • D. Park,
  • W. P. Halperin

摘要

Anisotropic aerogel possesses structure which exhibits a strong influence over the composition and orientation of the order parameter of imbibed superfluid \(^3\) 3 He. Computational studies have identified stretched aerogel with plane-like structures and compressed aerogel with nematic-like structures. Studies of the B phase of superfluid \(^3\) 3 He in stretched aerogel display an enhanced nuclear magnetic susceptibility likely caused by Andreev bound states near plane-like impurity sites. We report further details on the influence of these planar structures on both magnetic and orbital orientation transitions. The orbital orientation transitions appear in both the B and A phases of stretched and compressed aerogels. These transitions result from a crossover of the superfluid coherence length with long and short length scale structure with the coherence length and are consequently magnetic field independent. Additionally, the apparent temperature-independence of the susceptibility of the B phase, equal to that of the A phase in stretched aerogel and indicative of a near-isentropic transition, is in marked contrast with the field dependence of the superfluid A to B phase transition.