<p>The soaring global demand for lithium, driven by the energy storage applications in electric vehicle and other electronic devices, necessitates efficient and sustainable extraction methods. However, environmental concerns, low natural abundances/concentrations, and presence of ions with similar properties make the extraction, separation and recycling of lithium from its sources, challenging. The traditional methods suffer from low selectivity, energy inefficiency, and environmental hazards. In this regard, separation technologies utilising porous and high surface area Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) stands as an effective alternative to conventional techniques. This article reviews the recent development concerning the synthesis methods of MOFs, the plausible mechanisms driving the separation process, and various strategies applied to capture lithium by using various MOF based materials. The challenges and advantages of different types of methods have also been discussed. Concluding with the future prospects and directions of commercial scale development of MOFs based methods for lithium extraction from various sources are detailed.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>