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<p>Nanocellulose aerogels integrate high aspect ratio, abundant surface functional groups, ultra-high porosity, and low density, emerging as a key sustainable materials research focus. Unlike previous reviews focusing on isolated aspects, this work establishes a unified framework linking nanoscale building blocks, mesoscale architectures, and macroscopic functionalities. This review systematically examines the full research chain from raw material selection to applications. We compare cellulose nanocrystals, nanofibrils, and bacterial cellulose, analyzing how their distinct characteristics determine aerogel performance. Construction strategies including ice-templating, chemical crosslinking, and functional compositing are discussed. Recent advances in 3D printing, machine learning, self-healing, MXene composites, solar evaporation, aerogel fibers, and PFAS removal are highlighted. Applications in wastewater treatment, thermal management, flame retardancy, energy storage, biomedicine, food packaging, and self-healing materials are comprehensively covered. A framework diagram guides readers through the review structure. By elucidating structure-property relationships and critical processing parameters, this review aims to guide rational design of next-generation sustainable aerogels and accelerate their transition from laboratory to industry.</p>

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Structure-Function Integrated Nanocellulose Aerogels: From Precision Engineering to Cutting-Edge Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Hao Zhang,
  • Yang Zhang,
  • Xiao Liang,
  • Maiyong Zhu,
  • Songjun Li

摘要

Nanocellulose aerogels integrate high aspect ratio, abundant surface functional groups, ultra-high porosity, and low density, emerging as a key sustainable materials research focus. Unlike previous reviews focusing on isolated aspects, this work establishes a unified framework linking nanoscale building blocks, mesoscale architectures, and macroscopic functionalities. This review systematically examines the full research chain from raw material selection to applications. We compare cellulose nanocrystals, nanofibrils, and bacterial cellulose, analyzing how their distinct characteristics determine aerogel performance. Construction strategies including ice-templating, chemical crosslinking, and functional compositing are discussed. Recent advances in 3D printing, machine learning, self-healing, MXene composites, solar evaporation, aerogel fibers, and PFAS removal are highlighted. Applications in wastewater treatment, thermal management, flame retardancy, energy storage, biomedicine, food packaging, and self-healing materials are comprehensively covered. A framework diagram guides readers through the review structure. By elucidating structure-property relationships and critical processing parameters, this review aims to guide rational design of next-generation sustainable aerogels and accelerate their transition from laboratory to industry.