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<p>Decyl and tritonyl esters of dihydrolipoic acid were synthesized to serve as capping reagents for copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). The esterification of dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) with the aforementioned alcohols resulted in amphiphilic compounds. These compounds feature a free dithiol group that can bind to the nanoparticle surfaces, as well as a long lipophilic tail that enhances interaction with oil molecules, improving their dispersibility. Decyl and tritonyl esters of dihydrolipoic acid-capped CuO NPs were synthesized into nearly spherical shapes, with sizes measuring approximately 12.9&#xa0;nm and 20.8&#xa0;nm, as lubricant additives. The bonding of sulfur from ligands to the surface of CuO NPs was confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. When these NPs were added to fully synthetic 5W-30 C3 engine oil, the tritonyl esters of dihydrolipoic acid (DLTR)-capped CuO NPs exhibited significantly better colloidal stability and antiwear performance compared to the decyl esters of dihydrolipoic acid (DLDE)-capped CuO NPs. Specifically, the DLTR-capped CuO NPs achieved an average wear rate reduction of 49.1%, while the DLDE-capped CuO NPs achieved a reduction of only 4.6%. The presence of copper (Cu) elements on the worn surfaces, with concentrations ranging from 1.2% to 2.1% by weight as determined by Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, suggests that the addition of CuO NPs enhances lubrication. This improvement may result from several mechanisms, including the mending effect, the ball-bearing effect, tribochemical reactions, or the formation of protective films on the interacting surfaces.</p>

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Decyl and Tritonyl Esters of Dihydrolipoic Acid-Capped CuO Nanoparticles as Oil Additives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Alper Uğur,
  • Emel Ermiş,
  • İlker Avan

摘要

Decyl and tritonyl esters of dihydrolipoic acid were synthesized to serve as capping reagents for copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). The esterification of dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) with the aforementioned alcohols resulted in amphiphilic compounds. These compounds feature a free dithiol group that can bind to the nanoparticle surfaces, as well as a long lipophilic tail that enhances interaction with oil molecules, improving their dispersibility. Decyl and tritonyl esters of dihydrolipoic acid-capped CuO NPs were synthesized into nearly spherical shapes, with sizes measuring approximately 12.9 nm and 20.8 nm, as lubricant additives. The bonding of sulfur from ligands to the surface of CuO NPs was confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. When these NPs were added to fully synthetic 5W-30 C3 engine oil, the tritonyl esters of dihydrolipoic acid (DLTR)-capped CuO NPs exhibited significantly better colloidal stability and antiwear performance compared to the decyl esters of dihydrolipoic acid (DLDE)-capped CuO NPs. Specifically, the DLTR-capped CuO NPs achieved an average wear rate reduction of 49.1%, while the DLDE-capped CuO NPs achieved a reduction of only 4.6%. The presence of copper (Cu) elements on the worn surfaces, with concentrations ranging from 1.2% to 2.1% by weight as determined by Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, suggests that the addition of CuO NPs enhances lubrication. This improvement may result from several mechanisms, including the mending effect, the ball-bearing effect, tribochemical reactions, or the formation of protective films on the interacting surfaces.