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<p>Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is inherently hydrophobic and lacks active functional groups on its surface. In this study, we modified h-BN with phytic acid and chitosan to create BN@PA-CS particles. These particles integrated into an aqueous polyurethane (WPU) matrix, along with the DIDOPO flame retardant, to form the WPU/BN@PA-CS/DIDOPO nanocomposite. We investigated the composite’s flame retardancy, thermal stability, rheological properties, and mechanical properties. The results demonstrated that BN@PA-CS and DIDOPO exhibit a significant synergistic effect in both gas and condensed phases for flame retardancy. When the mass fractions of BN@PA-CS and DIDOPO were 2 wt% and 7 wt% relative to WPU matrix, the optimal formulation WPU/BN@PA-CS2/DIDOPO7 achieved a UL-94&#xa0;V-0 rating and increased the limiting oxygen index (LOI) to 24.2%. Additionally, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 49.3% and 66.1%, respectively, compared to pure WPU. Rheological and mechanical measurements indicated that the formulation WPU/BN@PA-CS2/DIDOPO7 exhibited a compatible combination of tensile stiffness, ductile toughness, and melt flow behaviour relative to other composite groups.Therefore, the DIDOPO/BN@PA-CS composite strategy provides experimental observations and mechanistic speculation for developing high-performance flame-retardant polyurethane composites, optimizing synergistic effects at specific ratios to enhance flame retardancy and mechanical properties.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Construction of Waterborne Polyurethane Composites via Phytate-Chitosan-Modied Boron Nitride and DOPO Derivative Synergy for Flame Retardancy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Yanling Yue,
  • Bingyue Huang,
  • Deyu Liu,
  • Shaoyuan Wu,
  • Jinghan Hu,
  • Shiyi Ming,
  • Xingyu Guan,
  • Yi Zhang,
  • Kui Wang,
  • Weijiang Huang,
  • Wei Yan

摘要

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is inherently hydrophobic and lacks active functional groups on its surface. In this study, we modified h-BN with phytic acid and chitosan to create BN@PA-CS particles. These particles integrated into an aqueous polyurethane (WPU) matrix, along with the DIDOPO flame retardant, to form the WPU/BN@PA-CS/DIDOPO nanocomposite. We investigated the composite’s flame retardancy, thermal stability, rheological properties, and mechanical properties. The results demonstrated that BN@PA-CS and DIDOPO exhibit a significant synergistic effect in both gas and condensed phases for flame retardancy. When the mass fractions of BN@PA-CS and DIDOPO were 2 wt% and 7 wt% relative to WPU matrix, the optimal formulation WPU/BN@PA-CS2/DIDOPO7 achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating and increased the limiting oxygen index (LOI) to 24.2%. Additionally, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 49.3% and 66.1%, respectively, compared to pure WPU. Rheological and mechanical measurements indicated that the formulation WPU/BN@PA-CS2/DIDOPO7 exhibited a compatible combination of tensile stiffness, ductile toughness, and melt flow behaviour relative to other composite groups.Therefore, the DIDOPO/BN@PA-CS composite strategy provides experimental observations and mechanistic speculation for developing high-performance flame-retardant polyurethane composites, optimizing synergistic effects at specific ratios to enhance flame retardancy and mechanical properties.

Graphical Abstract