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<p>Implant-associated infections remain a major challenge for titanium-based biomedical materials, underscoring the need for antimicrobial surface coatings produced by simple, environmentally friendly routes. Although ZnO-based antimicrobial coatings have been widely investigated, the integration of plant-mediated ZnO nanoparticle synthesis with spin-coated polymer nanocomposite layers on Ti6Al4V substrates remains less explored. In this study, <i>Tradescantia pallida</i> extract, selected as a phytochemical-rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, was used to form and stabilize ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesized ZnO NPs were incorporated into a PVA matrix at 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0% (w/v) and deposited onto Ti6Al4V surfaces by spin coating. SEM observations showed ZnO NPs with rod-like/quasi-spherical morphology and representative particle sizes of 10–34&#xa0;nm, while XRD confirmed a crystalline hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure with an average crystallite size of 30.97&#xa0;nm. The coatings formed continuous layers with an estimated thickness of approximately 2–4&#xa0;μm and no visible cracks, delamination, or pinholes. Increasing ZnO NP content modified the electrokinetic and wettability behavior, with zeta potential shifting from − 15.6 to − 21.7 mV and water contact angles remaining within the hydrophilic range of 33–51°. ZP3 maintained coating integrity after 7 days in PBS and demonstrated improved scratch resistance compared with the control. The agar diffusion assay demonstrated concentration-dependent release-mediated antimicrobial activity, with ZP3 producing inhibition zones of 19 ± 0.06&#xa0;mm against <i>E. coli</i> and 20 ± 0.10&#xa0;mm against <i>C. albicans</i>. Overall, this study presents a green, spin-coated ZnO NPs/PVA platform for antimicrobial surface modification of Ti6Al4V, while further cytocompatibility, biofilm, and long-term durability studies are required.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Spin-Coated Bioactive Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposite Thin Coatings for Antimicrobial Modification of Titanium Surfaces

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Arife Kübra Yontar,
  • Büşra Şensoy Gün

摘要

Implant-associated infections remain a major challenge for titanium-based biomedical materials, underscoring the need for antimicrobial surface coatings produced by simple, environmentally friendly routes. Although ZnO-based antimicrobial coatings have been widely investigated, the integration of plant-mediated ZnO nanoparticle synthesis with spin-coated polymer nanocomposite layers on Ti6Al4V substrates remains less explored. In this study, Tradescantia pallida extract, selected as a phytochemical-rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, was used to form and stabilize ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesized ZnO NPs were incorporated into a PVA matrix at 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0% (w/v) and deposited onto Ti6Al4V surfaces by spin coating. SEM observations showed ZnO NPs with rod-like/quasi-spherical morphology and representative particle sizes of 10–34 nm, while XRD confirmed a crystalline hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure with an average crystallite size of 30.97 nm. The coatings formed continuous layers with an estimated thickness of approximately 2–4 μm and no visible cracks, delamination, or pinholes. Increasing ZnO NP content modified the electrokinetic and wettability behavior, with zeta potential shifting from − 15.6 to − 21.7 mV and water contact angles remaining within the hydrophilic range of 33–51°. ZP3 maintained coating integrity after 7 days in PBS and demonstrated improved scratch resistance compared with the control. The agar diffusion assay demonstrated concentration-dependent release-mediated antimicrobial activity, with ZP3 producing inhibition zones of 19 ± 0.06 mm against E. coli and 20 ± 0.10 mm against C. albicans. Overall, this study presents a green, spin-coated ZnO NPs/PVA platform for antimicrobial surface modification of Ti6Al4V, while further cytocompatibility, biofilm, and long-term durability studies are required.

Graphical Abstract