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<p>Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant, and developing high-sensitivity tracing and detection methods for H₂S carries great practical value for ecological monitoring. Among diverse fluorophores, flavonols possess prominent merits including tunable emission, large Stokes shifts, and easy structural derivatization, rendering them ideal backbones for fabricating high-performance fluorescent probes. Herein, we rationally designed and synthesized a new flavonol-based turn-on fluorescent probe (Fla-DNPy) for precise H₂S quantification in wastewater via nucleophilic substitution. This probe adopts flavonol (Fla) as the luminescent core and incorporates a 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridyl (DNPy) moiety as the H₂S-specific recognition unit. Upon reacting with H₂S, intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) is blocked, thereby generating a prominent orange-red fluorescence signal at 572&#xa0;nm observable by the naked eye. Comprehensive performance evaluations reveal that Fla-DNPy delivers a large Stokes shift of 133&#xa0;nm and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.33 µM, accompanied by outstanding selectivity and anti-interference performance. We further systematically deciphered the underlying sensing mechanism through density functional theory (DFT), electrostatic potential (ESP) and ADCH charge distribution calculations. Practical tests on real environmental water samples show favorable spike recoveries between 93.57% and 102.86%, verifying the probe’s capacity for quantitative H₂S analysis in actual water matrices. This study demonstrates that the Fla-DNPy probe holds promising potential for widespread applications in environmental H₂S monitoring.</p>

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A Flavonol-Based “Turn-On” Fluorescent Probe for H2S Detection in Wastewater: Synthesis, Performance, and Insight into Its Recognition Mechanism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Laixin Hong,
  • Yao Sun,
  • Jinlong Li,
  • Haohao Zhang,
  • Yujie Ma,
  • Zimai Wang,
  • Mengge Guo,
  • Xin Liu,
  • Zhen Kong,
  • Can Chen,
  • Ronglan Zhang

摘要

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant, and developing high-sensitivity tracing and detection methods for H₂S carries great practical value for ecological monitoring. Among diverse fluorophores, flavonols possess prominent merits including tunable emission, large Stokes shifts, and easy structural derivatization, rendering them ideal backbones for fabricating high-performance fluorescent probes. Herein, we rationally designed and synthesized a new flavonol-based turn-on fluorescent probe (Fla-DNPy) for precise H₂S quantification in wastewater via nucleophilic substitution. This probe adopts flavonol (Fla) as the luminescent core and incorporates a 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridyl (DNPy) moiety as the H₂S-specific recognition unit. Upon reacting with H₂S, intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) is blocked, thereby generating a prominent orange-red fluorescence signal at 572 nm observable by the naked eye. Comprehensive performance evaluations reveal that Fla-DNPy delivers a large Stokes shift of 133 nm and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.33 µM, accompanied by outstanding selectivity and anti-interference performance. We further systematically deciphered the underlying sensing mechanism through density functional theory (DFT), electrostatic potential (ESP) and ADCH charge distribution calculations. Practical tests on real environmental water samples show favorable spike recoveries between 93.57% and 102.86%, verifying the probe’s capacity for quantitative H₂S analysis in actual water matrices. This study demonstrates that the Fla-DNPy probe holds promising potential for widespread applications in environmental H₂S monitoring.