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<p>Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes are widely used for water treatment, but their hydrophobicity, fouling tendency, and limited affinity toward dissolved dyes restrict their performance in textile-effluent remediation. Here, a magnetic cotton-derived biochar (MCB) filler was incorporated into PVDF by nonsolvent-induced phase separation to prepare a PVDF/MCB-10 mixed-matrix membrane for adsorptive filtration of reactant textile dyes (Reactive Red 120, Methylene Blue) and the emergent contaminants (ciprofloxacin, diclofenac). MCB incorporation improved membrane hydrophilicity, increased accessible porosity/surface functionality, and provided adsorption sites associated with oxygenated carbon domains and iron-oxide groups. The membrane showed enhanced hydraulic permeability relative to pristine PVDF and high RR120 removal under short-term cross-flow filtration at 2&#xa0;bar, while five-cycle testing indicated only modest loss of flux and rejection. The separation mechanism is interpreted as combined adsorptive capture, electrostatic and aromatic interactions, hydrophilicity-mediated antifouling behavior, and partial pore/dynamic-layer resistance rather than simple molecular sieving. The study demonstrates the potential of waste-cotton-derived magnetic biochar as a sustainable functional filler for PVDF adsorptive microfiltration membranes, while highlighting the need for systematic filler-loading optimization, VSM analysis is needed to quantify magnetic properties breakthrough analysis, and real-textile-effluent validation before scale-up.</p>

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Magnetic Cotton-Derived Biochar/PVDF Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Reactive Red 120 and Emerging Contaminants Adsorptive Filtration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Mahmoud F. Mubarak,
  • Mohamed A. Ali,
  • Mostafa Y. Nassar,
  • Norah Alsadun,
  • Esam M. Bakir,
  • Bahaa S. Metwally

摘要

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes are widely used for water treatment, but their hydrophobicity, fouling tendency, and limited affinity toward dissolved dyes restrict their performance in textile-effluent remediation. Here, a magnetic cotton-derived biochar (MCB) filler was incorporated into PVDF by nonsolvent-induced phase separation to prepare a PVDF/MCB-10 mixed-matrix membrane for adsorptive filtration of reactant textile dyes (Reactive Red 120, Methylene Blue) and the emergent contaminants (ciprofloxacin, diclofenac). MCB incorporation improved membrane hydrophilicity, increased accessible porosity/surface functionality, and provided adsorption sites associated with oxygenated carbon domains and iron-oxide groups. The membrane showed enhanced hydraulic permeability relative to pristine PVDF and high RR120 removal under short-term cross-flow filtration at 2 bar, while five-cycle testing indicated only modest loss of flux and rejection. The separation mechanism is interpreted as combined adsorptive capture, electrostatic and aromatic interactions, hydrophilicity-mediated antifouling behavior, and partial pore/dynamic-layer resistance rather than simple molecular sieving. The study demonstrates the potential of waste-cotton-derived magnetic biochar as a sustainable functional filler for PVDF adsorptive microfiltration membranes, while highlighting the need for systematic filler-loading optimization, VSM analysis is needed to quantify magnetic properties breakthrough analysis, and real-textile-effluent validation before scale-up.