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<p>The increasing global focus on renewable energy has heightened research efforts aimed at developing efficient, cost-effective electrocatalysts for water electrolysis as an efficient method for green hydrogen production. Among emerging materials, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are distinguished by their modular porosity, remarkably high surface areas, and the ability to chemically tune metal–ligand environments. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the essential concepts that form the basis of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), including mechanistic pathways, kinetic descriptors, and the critical electrochemical metrics that influence electrocatalytic performance on organic linker engineered MOFs. Significant focus is placed on metal-organic frameworks, particularly those based on benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (BDC) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC), as adaptable precursors and structural foundations for electrocatalysts. The review further presents recent advancements in the synthesis of MOFs, highlighting how the structural nature of the organic linker, BDC- and BTC influences the electrochemical HER behaviour of MOFs. It emphasises their hybridisation with conducting polymers, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), oxides, and carbon materials to address inherent conductivity limitations. Furthermore, it emphasises heteroatom doping and MOF-derived carbonisation strategies, which create defect sites, adjust electronic structures, and enhance charge-transfer dynamics. The review illustrates that BDC- and BTC-derived frameworks serve as tunable materials for the development of multifunctional composites exhibiting exceptional HER performance. Lastly, it recommends that controlled synthesis, defect engineering, and dopant optimisation are essential for advancing next generation, earth abundant MOF-based catalysts aimed at scalable green hydrogen production.</p>

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Terephthalic and Trimesic Acids Metal-Organic Framework Composites and Their Derived Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Tumisang J. Maake,
  • Kabelo E. Ramohlola,
  • Thabiso C. Maponya,
  • Dina Thole,
  • Emmanuel I. Iwuoha,
  • Kwena D. Modibane

摘要

The increasing global focus on renewable energy has heightened research efforts aimed at developing efficient, cost-effective electrocatalysts for water electrolysis as an efficient method for green hydrogen production. Among emerging materials, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are distinguished by their modular porosity, remarkably high surface areas, and the ability to chemically tune metal–ligand environments. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the essential concepts that form the basis of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), including mechanistic pathways, kinetic descriptors, and the critical electrochemical metrics that influence electrocatalytic performance on organic linker engineered MOFs. Significant focus is placed on metal-organic frameworks, particularly those based on benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (BDC) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC), as adaptable precursors and structural foundations for electrocatalysts. The review further presents recent advancements in the synthesis of MOFs, highlighting how the structural nature of the organic linker, BDC- and BTC influences the electrochemical HER behaviour of MOFs. It emphasises their hybridisation with conducting polymers, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), oxides, and carbon materials to address inherent conductivity limitations. Furthermore, it emphasises heteroatom doping and MOF-derived carbonisation strategies, which create defect sites, adjust electronic structures, and enhance charge-transfer dynamics. The review illustrates that BDC- and BTC-derived frameworks serve as tunable materials for the development of multifunctional composites exhibiting exceptional HER performance. Lastly, it recommends that controlled synthesis, defect engineering, and dopant optimisation are essential for advancing next generation, earth abundant MOF-based catalysts aimed at scalable green hydrogen production.