Electrochemically Tuned Tungsten Disulfide Incorporated Carbon Nanotubes Integrated Polypyrrole Nano Matrix as Supercapacitor Electrode Material
摘要
Ternary nanocomposites (PWC) of polypyrrole (PPy), tungsten disulfide (WS2), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized via in-situ oxidative polymerization route to investigate their electrochemical behavior. Structural and morphological studies confirmed that WS2 nanograins and CNTs were well dispersed in the PPy matrix, forming an interconnected framework. The optimized composition (PWC6) showed reduced crystallite size and homogeneous dispersion, as confirmed by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and HRTEM. Electrochemical performance of PWC6 in 1 M H2SO4 exhibited a specific capacitance of 298.2 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, along with 92.2% capacitance retention after 2000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles. Kinetic analysis indicated a balanced contribution from electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC) and pseudocapacitive (PC) mechanisms, highlighting the role of CNTs in enhancing ion accessibility and the charge-transfer behavior within the composite. Furthermore, the symmetric PWC6 device delivered a specific capacitance of 149.1 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and an energy density of 13.3 Wh kg−1. These results indicate that the mutual incorporation of WS2 and CNTs reinforces the polymer framework, enhances the electrochemical behavior of the PPy-based composite, and positions PPy-WS2-CNT as a suitable electrode material for supercapacitors.