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<p>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) offer a safe and sustainable energy storage solution, yet their development is limited by low cathode capacity and sluggish kinetics. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a ternary composite, Mn-MOF@MnO₂/AC, integrating MnO<sub>2</sub> and activated carbon (AC) within a manganese-based metal–organic framework (Mn-MOF). This hierarchical porous architecture enhances ion transport and electrical conductivity. Structural analyses confirmed the successful hybridization of crystalline Mn-MOF and MnO<sub>2</sub> with amorphous AC. As a ZIB cathode, Mn-MOF@MnO₂/AC delivers a high specific capacity of 627 mAh/g and an energy density of 826 Wh/kg at 2 A/g, outperforming pristine Mn-MOF. The composite also exhibits excellent cycling stability, retaining 75% capacity after 200 cycles. The outstanding performance arises from the synergistic effects of MnO<sub>2</sub>’s redox activity, AC’s conductivity, and Mn-MOF’s stable porous framework. This work demonstrates a promising strategy for developing high-performance MOF-based electrodes for next-generation ZIBs.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Engineering a Hierarchically Porous Manganese-Based Ternary Composite for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月31日

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  • Alzharani A. Ahmed,
  • Abdulmajid Abdallah Mirghni,
  • Yuda Prima Hardianto,
  • Ajibola Hakeem Okeyode,
  • Ananda Sholeh Rifky Hakim,
  • Bashir Ahmed Johan,
  • Syed Shaheen Shah,
  • Nahid Islam,
  • Fatima Omar AL-Qwairi,
  • Md. Abdul Aziz

摘要

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) offer a safe and sustainable energy storage solution, yet their development is limited by low cathode capacity and sluggish kinetics. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a ternary composite, Mn-MOF@MnO₂/AC, integrating MnO2 and activated carbon (AC) within a manganese-based metal–organic framework (Mn-MOF). This hierarchical porous architecture enhances ion transport and electrical conductivity. Structural analyses confirmed the successful hybridization of crystalline Mn-MOF and MnO2 with amorphous AC. As a ZIB cathode, Mn-MOF@MnO₂/AC delivers a high specific capacity of 627 mAh/g and an energy density of 826 Wh/kg at 2 A/g, outperforming pristine Mn-MOF. The composite also exhibits excellent cycling stability, retaining 75% capacity after 200 cycles. The outstanding performance arises from the synergistic effects of MnO2’s redox activity, AC’s conductivity, and Mn-MOF’s stable porous framework. This work demonstrates a promising strategy for developing high-performance MOF-based electrodes for next-generation ZIBs.

Graphical Abstract