Palladium Nanoparticles Immobilized on 2-Chloroacetate-Modified CuFe2O4 Nanospheres as an Efficient and Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Esterification of Aryl Aldehydes
摘要
This study successfully developed superparamagnetic nanoparticles functionalized with a 2-chloroacetate-Pd complex through a straightforward synthesis method. Comprehensive characterization of the resulting catalyst was performed using various techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The palladium content in the catalyst was accurately measured using ICP analysis. Notably, the catalyst exhibited remarkable activity and stability during the oxidative esterification of diverse aryl aldehydes with methanol. This protocol offers multiple benefits, such as magnetic reusability of the catalyst, mild reaction conditions, the utilization of an environmentally friendly solvent, high turnover numbers (TON) and turnover frequencies (TOF h− 1), outstanding product yields ranging from 75% to 98%, and rapid reaction times between 30 min and 2.5 h. Additionally, the catalyst retained its performance over five successive cycles without any noticeable reduction in efficiency.