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<p>In this study, Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanoparticles and calcium carbonate–sodium alginate (CaCO₃–SA) nanocomposite were successfully synthesized via a controlled precipitation method and evaluated for multifunctional biomedical applications. Structural and surface analyses confirmed the formation of a calcite phase with effective surface functionalization using SA. The nanocomposite exhibited reduced crystallite size (~ 29&#xa0;nm vs. ~38&#xa0;nm for CaCO₃), improved dispersion, and enhanced defect density, as evidenced by XRD, DLS, PL, and TEM analyses. PL studies revealed multiple defect-related emission bands (370–534&#xa0;nm), indicating the presence of active surface states. The CaCO₃–SA nanocomposite demonstrated significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to CaCO₃, with zone of inhibition values reaching ~ 20&#xa0;mm (<i>S. aureus</i>), ~ 21&#xa0;mm (<i>S. pneumoniae</i>), ~ 20&#xa0;mm (<i>E. coli</i>), and ~ 18&#xa0;mm (<i>C. albicans</i>), comparable to standard drugs. CFU analysis confirmed a concentration-dependent reduction in bacterial viability, while MIC and MBC values were reduced to 500&#xa0;µg mL⁻¹ and 750&#xa0;µg mL⁻¹, respectively, indicating improved bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficiency. In anticancer studies, the nanocomposite exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, reducing cell viability to ~ 30% at higher concentrations, while maintaining high biocompatibility of &gt; 80% viability toward L929 fibroblast cells. Overall, this work highlights the potential of surface engineered CaCO₃ based nanomaterials as promising candidates for combined antimicrobial and anticancer applications, providing a foundation for future in-depth biological investigations and translational studies.</p>

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Multifunctional Evaluation of CaCO3–Sodium Alginate Nanocomposite for Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Indumathi Thangavelu,
  • Srinivas Tadepalli,
  • Abdelrahman G. Gadallah

摘要

In this study, Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanoparticles and calcium carbonate–sodium alginate (CaCO₃–SA) nanocomposite were successfully synthesized via a controlled precipitation method and evaluated for multifunctional biomedical applications. Structural and surface analyses confirmed the formation of a calcite phase with effective surface functionalization using SA. The nanocomposite exhibited reduced crystallite size (~ 29 nm vs. ~38 nm for CaCO₃), improved dispersion, and enhanced defect density, as evidenced by XRD, DLS, PL, and TEM analyses. PL studies revealed multiple defect-related emission bands (370–534 nm), indicating the presence of active surface states. The CaCO₃–SA nanocomposite demonstrated significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to CaCO₃, with zone of inhibition values reaching ~ 20 mm (S. aureus), ~ 21 mm (S. pneumoniae), ~ 20 mm (E. coli), and ~ 18 mm (C. albicans), comparable to standard drugs. CFU analysis confirmed a concentration-dependent reduction in bacterial viability, while MIC and MBC values were reduced to 500 µg mL⁻¹ and 750 µg mL⁻¹, respectively, indicating improved bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficiency. In anticancer studies, the nanocomposite exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, reducing cell viability to ~ 30% at higher concentrations, while maintaining high biocompatibility of > 80% viability toward L929 fibroblast cells. Overall, this work highlights the potential of surface engineered CaCO₃ based nanomaterials as promising candidates for combined antimicrobial and anticancer applications, providing a foundation for future in-depth biological investigations and translational studies.