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<p>Developing advanced and efficient materials for green energy technologies is vital for advancing energy conversion and environmental sustainability. This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of undoped and SWCNT-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) pellets. We systematically investigated how different SWCNT doping levels affect the physical and electrical properties of the resulting material. Structural, morphological, compositional, and electrical analyses were executed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). All samples were verified by XRD to be polycrystalline with anatase phase, while increasing the content of SWCNT resulted in a decrease in crystal size and an increase in density. Although the overall elemental composition remained almost unchanged, XPS analysis revealed the composition of oxygen vacancies and Ti³⁺ states, which are essential in controlling the electrical behavior. EIS measurements indicated thermally activated thermal conductivity, with clear semiconductor behaviour characterized by low resistance at high temperatures. Overall, these results provide valuable insights into the design of TiO₂-based materials doped with SWCNT for sustainable energy storage applications.</p>

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Effects of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) on the Structural and Electrical Properties of Titanium Dioxide Pellets

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Ahmad M. Saeedi,
  • A. Timoumi,
  • Ziad Moussa,
  • S. D. Al-Sahafi,
  • Hatem M. Altass,
  • Saleh A. Ahmed,
  • Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz

摘要

Developing advanced and efficient materials for green energy technologies is vital for advancing energy conversion and environmental sustainability. This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of undoped and SWCNT-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) pellets. We systematically investigated how different SWCNT doping levels affect the physical and electrical properties of the resulting material. Structural, morphological, compositional, and electrical analyses were executed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). All samples were verified by XRD to be polycrystalline with anatase phase, while increasing the content of SWCNT resulted in a decrease in crystal size and an increase in density. Although the overall elemental composition remained almost unchanged, XPS analysis revealed the composition of oxygen vacancies and Ti³⁺ states, which are essential in controlling the electrical behavior. EIS measurements indicated thermally activated thermal conductivity, with clear semiconductor behaviour characterized by low resistance at high temperatures. Overall, these results provide valuable insights into the design of TiO₂-based materials doped with SWCNT for sustainable energy storage applications.