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<p>The persistence of pesticide residues in aquatic systems represents a significant environmental challenge, necessitating the development of efficient and visible-light-responsive photocatalysts. In this study, Sb-doped MgZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanostructures (Sb@MgZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) were synthesized via a co-precipitation method and employed mesotrione degradation under UV–Visible light. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the creation of a cubic spinel ferrite structure of MgZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, with the highest peak at 2θ = 35.4° corresponding to the (311) plane. The shift of the diffraction peaks to lower angles indicated lattice distortion from successful Sb doping. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed peaks at 561&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> (tetrahedral site) and 469&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> (octahedral site), confirming Fe–O stretching with complete degradation of the functional groups in the mesotrione structure, converting it into less toxic substance. Additionally, doping with antimony reduced the particle size from 38.62 to 17.50&#xa0;nm while increasing the surface area from 0.49 to 8.75 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Under optimized conditions (i.e., 5&#xa0;ppm of mesotrione, 0.025&#xa0;g of catalyst, pH 4, 40&#xa0;°C, and 200 W of visible light), the Sb@MgZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst achieved a degradation of 97.14% of the target compound in 150&#xa0;min by following first-order kinetics (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9961), indicating linear rate of degradation. While the scavenger test revealed that the primary contributors to the reaction were the photogenerated holes (h +). Also, the catalyst's stability was demonstrated by only a 3% decrease in degradation efficiency after five consecutive uses. The enhanced effectiveness of the catalyst can be attributed to several factors: improved absorption of visible light, an increased surface area, and reduced recombination of electrons and holes due to doping with antimony (Sb). These results emphasize the potential of Sb-modified spinel ferrites as efficient and reusable photocatalysts for treating wastewater contaminated with pesticides.</p>

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Fabrication of Sb@MgZnFe2O4 Nanostructures for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Degradation of Mesotrione in Water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Soha Tahir,
  • Muhammad Bilal,
  • Nida Rubab,
  • Naseem Abbas,
  • Khalid Javed,
  • Sajid Mahmood,
  • Syed Kashif Ali,
  • Shahid Iqbal,
  • Meznah M. Alanazi,
  • Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen

摘要

The persistence of pesticide residues in aquatic systems represents a significant environmental challenge, necessitating the development of efficient and visible-light-responsive photocatalysts. In this study, Sb-doped MgZnFe2O4 nanostructures (Sb@MgZnFe2O4) were synthesized via a co-precipitation method and employed mesotrione degradation under UV–Visible light. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the creation of a cubic spinel ferrite structure of MgZnFe2O4, with the highest peak at 2θ = 35.4° corresponding to the (311) plane. The shift of the diffraction peaks to lower angles indicated lattice distortion from successful Sb doping. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed peaks at 561 cm−1 (tetrahedral site) and 469 cm−1 (octahedral site), confirming Fe–O stretching with complete degradation of the functional groups in the mesotrione structure, converting it into less toxic substance. Additionally, doping with antimony reduced the particle size from 38.62 to 17.50 nm while increasing the surface area from 0.49 to 8.75 m2/g. Under optimized conditions (i.e., 5 ppm of mesotrione, 0.025 g of catalyst, pH 4, 40 °C, and 200 W of visible light), the Sb@MgZnFe2O4 catalyst achieved a degradation of 97.14% of the target compound in 150 min by following first-order kinetics (R2 = 0.9961), indicating linear rate of degradation. While the scavenger test revealed that the primary contributors to the reaction were the photogenerated holes (h +). Also, the catalyst's stability was demonstrated by only a 3% decrease in degradation efficiency after five consecutive uses. The enhanced effectiveness of the catalyst can be attributed to several factors: improved absorption of visible light, an increased surface area, and reduced recombination of electrons and holes due to doping with antimony (Sb). These results emphasize the potential of Sb-modified spinel ferrites as efficient and reusable photocatalysts for treating wastewater contaminated with pesticides.