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<p>The present study investigated the use of natural natrolite (NAT), relying on its high surface area, vivid functional groups, porous micro-structure, ion-exchange capability, chemical stability, and low cost, as a promising adsorbent. However, its limited dispersibility in aqueous media was overcome by introducing additional active sites, using a facile beneficiation method to obtain desilicated natrolite, referred to as base-treated natural natrolite (BTNAT). The as-synthesized BTNAT was used as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB). The structural, surface, thermal, and compositional properties of BTNAT were characterized using advanced analytical techniques. The adsorption of MB was evaluated and optimized using a Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM). 93.17% (q<sub>max</sub>= 12.21&#xa0;mg/g) efficiency was recorded under optimal conditions (50 mL of 30&#xa0;mg/L MB; 30&#xa0;mg BTNAT, 80&#xa0;min). Adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm model (R² = 0.971), demonstrating chemisorption and multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. These results demonstrate that BTNAT is an effective, eco-friendly, and low-cost adsorbent for cationic dye removal and wastewater treatment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Facile Beneficiation of Natural Natrolite for High-Performance Methylene Blue Adsorption: Structural Characterization and Mechanistic Insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月12日

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  • Abenezer Zenebe,
  • Mamo Dikamu,
  • Shivamurthy Ravindra Yashas,
  • Hailu Demissie

摘要

The present study investigated the use of natural natrolite (NAT), relying on its high surface area, vivid functional groups, porous micro-structure, ion-exchange capability, chemical stability, and low cost, as a promising adsorbent. However, its limited dispersibility in aqueous media was overcome by introducing additional active sites, using a facile beneficiation method to obtain desilicated natrolite, referred to as base-treated natural natrolite (BTNAT). The as-synthesized BTNAT was used as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB). The structural, surface, thermal, and compositional properties of BTNAT were characterized using advanced analytical techniques. The adsorption of MB was evaluated and optimized using a Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM). 93.17% (qmax= 12.21 mg/g) efficiency was recorded under optimal conditions (50 mL of 30 mg/L MB; 30 mg BTNAT, 80 min). Adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm model (R² = 0.971), demonstrating chemisorption and multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. These results demonstrate that BTNAT is an effective, eco-friendly, and low-cost adsorbent for cationic dye removal and wastewater treatment.

Graphical Abstract