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<p>The current study demonstrates a green synthesis of MoO₃-CeO₂ doped CuO nanocomposites supported on <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> biochar (PRB/MCCu), using <i>Syzygium cumini</i> leaf extract. The physicochemical properties of synthesized PRB/MCCu nanocomposites were examined using XRD, FTIR, XPS, FESEM–EDX, HRTEM, BET, TGA and ESR analyses. The synthesized PRB/MCCu nanocomposites exhibits a uniform metal oxide distribution, higher surface area (137.76&#xa0;m² g⁻¹), an average pore diameter of 4.23&#xa0;nm, and reduced band gap of 2.42&#xa0;eV. The efficiency of PRB/MCCu nanocomposites has been assessed using adsorption and degradation (photocatalysis + sono-photocatalysis) experiment. The cefixime (CFX) adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm (R² = 0.99), indicating monolayer adsorption, while kinetic data best fitted the pseudo-second-order model (R² &gt; 0.98), confirming chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. The adsorption of cefixime (CFX) was strongly pH-dependent, showing maximum removal at pH 5.0 and mainly due to enhanced electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interactions between CFX and functionalized PRB/MCCu surface. While maximum degradation of 94.98% was achieved within 120&#xa0;min due to synergistic enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and inhibition of electron-hole recombination by visible-light exposure and ultrasonic cavitation. The LC–HRMS results indicated sequential cleavage of β-lactam and thiazole rings, resulting final mineralization to CO₂, H₂O, SO₄²⁻, and NO₃⁻ ions. Even after repeated eight cycles, the PRB/MCCu demonstrated excellent durability, maintaining 86.89% CFX degradation with only ~ 8% loss in performance. The degradation performance of PRB/MCCu has been also explored for treatment of real pharmaceutical industrial wastewater (PIW). Under photo-degradation (PD) conditions, MCCu and PRB/MCCu exhibited degradation of 60.32% and 71.64%, respectively. While, sono-photodegradation (SPD) showed enhanced performance, achieving degradation rate of 68.42% for MCCu and 77.69% for PRB/MCCu nanocomposites. Overall, the green-engineered PRB/MCCu nanocomposites offers an economic, recyclable, and environmentally sustainable platform for CFX remediation from waste-water.</p>

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Eco-Inspired Design of Biochar/MoO₃–CeO₂ Doped CuO Nanocomposites: a Deep Insight into Isotherm, Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Degradation Analysis of Cefixime Contaminated Water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Abhishek Thakur,
  • Ajay Kumar,
  • Deepak Pathania,
  • Suchi Sharma,
  • Zouhaier Aloui,
  • Manickam Selvaraj,
  • Arush Sharma

摘要

The current study demonstrates a green synthesis of MoO₃-CeO₂ doped CuO nanocomposites supported on Pinus roxburghii biochar (PRB/MCCu), using Syzygium cumini leaf extract. The physicochemical properties of synthesized PRB/MCCu nanocomposites were examined using XRD, FTIR, XPS, FESEM–EDX, HRTEM, BET, TGA and ESR analyses. The synthesized PRB/MCCu nanocomposites exhibits a uniform metal oxide distribution, higher surface area (137.76 m² g⁻¹), an average pore diameter of 4.23 nm, and reduced band gap of 2.42 eV. The efficiency of PRB/MCCu nanocomposites has been assessed using adsorption and degradation (photocatalysis + sono-photocatalysis) experiment. The cefixime (CFX) adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm (R² = 0.99), indicating monolayer adsorption, while kinetic data best fitted the pseudo-second-order model (R² > 0.98), confirming chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. The adsorption of cefixime (CFX) was strongly pH-dependent, showing maximum removal at pH 5.0 and mainly due to enhanced electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interactions between CFX and functionalized PRB/MCCu surface. While maximum degradation of 94.98% was achieved within 120 min due to synergistic enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and inhibition of electron-hole recombination by visible-light exposure and ultrasonic cavitation. The LC–HRMS results indicated sequential cleavage of β-lactam and thiazole rings, resulting final mineralization to CO₂, H₂O, SO₄²⁻, and NO₃⁻ ions. Even after repeated eight cycles, the PRB/MCCu demonstrated excellent durability, maintaining 86.89% CFX degradation with only ~ 8% loss in performance. The degradation performance of PRB/MCCu has been also explored for treatment of real pharmaceutical industrial wastewater (PIW). Under photo-degradation (PD) conditions, MCCu and PRB/MCCu exhibited degradation of 60.32% and 71.64%, respectively. While, sono-photodegradation (SPD) showed enhanced performance, achieving degradation rate of 68.42% for MCCu and 77.69% for PRB/MCCu nanocomposites. Overall, the green-engineered PRB/MCCu nanocomposites offers an economic, recyclable, and environmentally sustainable platform for CFX remediation from waste-water.