<p>Hybrid materials combining polymers with perovskite structures have recently emerged as highly promising platforms for next-generation functional devices. These systems effectively merge the exceptional optoelectronic performance of perovskite materials with durability, flexibility, and ease of processing characteristics of polymeric matrices. This review presents an updated and in-depth analysis of current developments in polymer–perovskite hybrid composites and fibrous systems, emphasizing material engineering concepts, synthesis routes, and correlations between structure and performance. Different fabrication methodologies aimed at improving operational stability, mechanical strength, and functional efficiency are systematically examined, including polymer-based encapsulation strategies, electrospinning techniques, and advanced additive manufacturing methods. Attention is given to fiber-shaped and composite hybrid architectures, which have demonstrated strong potential for use in flexible solar cells, light-emitting technologies, sensing platforms, smart wearable systems, and emerging biomedical devices.</p><p>In addition, the review addresses critical limitations that hinder large-scale deployment, such as environmental degradation, toxicity associated with lead-containing perovskites, weak interfacial interactions, and challenges related to scalable production. Future research directions are discussed, highlighting the transition toward environmentally benign perovskite alternatives, sustainable and biodegradable polymers, and multifunctional hybrid fiber designs. This work aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for scientists and engineers working at the convergence of perovskite materials science and polymer engineering, supporting the advancement of innovative hybrid systems for emerging technological applications.</p>