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<p>Amyloid fibrils, insoluble protein aggregates characterized by a cross-β-sheet structure, are associated with more than 20 human disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and type 2 diabetes. Despite extensive research, effective therapeutic intervention remains challenging due to poor bioavailability, limited tissue targeting, and insufficient control over amyloid aggregation pathways. Over the past decade, nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for modulating amyloid fibrillation and improving therapeutic delivery. This review systematically surveys nanomaterial-based strategies reported within the last ten years, covering metallic, carbon-based, polymeric, and hybrid nanomaterials. Building on existing literature, this review emphasizes recent mechanistic insights into nanomaterial–amyloid interactions by correlating nanomaterial physicochemical properties, such as size, surface chemistry, charge, and morphology, with their effects on amyloid aggregation behaviour. Finally, key challenges and translational barriers are discussed to inform the rational development of nanomaterial-based approaches for amyloid-related disease intervention.</p>

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Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Inhibition of Protein Fibrillation: A Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Anjana Gopinath,
  • Lakkoji Satish

摘要

Amyloid fibrils, insoluble protein aggregates characterized by a cross-β-sheet structure, are associated with more than 20 human disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and type 2 diabetes. Despite extensive research, effective therapeutic intervention remains challenging due to poor bioavailability, limited tissue targeting, and insufficient control over amyloid aggregation pathways. Over the past decade, nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for modulating amyloid fibrillation and improving therapeutic delivery. This review systematically surveys nanomaterial-based strategies reported within the last ten years, covering metallic, carbon-based, polymeric, and hybrid nanomaterials. Building on existing literature, this review emphasizes recent mechanistic insights into nanomaterial–amyloid interactions by correlating nanomaterial physicochemical properties, such as size, surface chemistry, charge, and morphology, with their effects on amyloid aggregation behaviour. Finally, key challenges and translational barriers are discussed to inform the rational development of nanomaterial-based approaches for amyloid-related disease intervention.