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<p>In this study, a quadrometallic Ag–TiO₂–ZnO–CoO–nanochitosan nanocomposite was synthesized via a one-pot green synthesis route employing <i>Melia dubia</i> leaf extract as a bioreductant and stabilizing agent. The green synthetic strategy enabled environmentally benign fabrication of a multifunctional nanocomposite, integrating the redox-active capabilities of silver and transition metal oxides within a biocompatible nanochitosan matrix. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, HRTEM, SAED and EDX confirmed the successful formation of a crystalline, heterostructured nanocomposite with nanoscale morphology and uniform elemental distribution. The antioxidant potential of the nanocomposite was evaluated through DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and nitric oxide scavenging assays, all of which revealed dose-responsive free radical quenching efficiencies that approached the efficacy of ascorbic acid at higher concentrations. The observed enhancement in antioxidant activity was attributed to synergistic electron and hydrogen-donating mechanisms among Ag⁰, metal oxides (TiO₂, ZnO, CoO), nanochitosan’s functional groups and phytochemicals retained from the leaf extract. The nanocomposite also exhibited pronounced antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties, demonstrating broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cytotoxicity studies on HEK 293 cells (a normal human embryonic kidney cell line) revealed minimal inhibitory effects, indicating low toxicity toward normal cells. Anticancer assessment using the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation, indicating the compound’s potential as an effective anticancer agent. These findings highlight the potential of this green-synthesized nanocomposite as a versatile bioactive agent for, food preservation, therapeutic and biomedical applications particularly in contexts involving oxidative stress and microbial contamination.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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One-Pot Green Fabrication of Quadrometallic Ag–TiO₂–ZnO–CoO–Nanochitosan Nanocomposite via Melia Dubia Extract: Bioactive Evaluation and Biomedical Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Caroline D G,
  • Pandi Prabha S

摘要

In this study, a quadrometallic Ag–TiO₂–ZnO–CoO–nanochitosan nanocomposite was synthesized via a one-pot green synthesis route employing Melia dubia leaf extract as a bioreductant and stabilizing agent. The green synthetic strategy enabled environmentally benign fabrication of a multifunctional nanocomposite, integrating the redox-active capabilities of silver and transition metal oxides within a biocompatible nanochitosan matrix. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, HRTEM, SAED and EDX confirmed the successful formation of a crystalline, heterostructured nanocomposite with nanoscale morphology and uniform elemental distribution. The antioxidant potential of the nanocomposite was evaluated through DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and nitric oxide scavenging assays, all of which revealed dose-responsive free radical quenching efficiencies that approached the efficacy of ascorbic acid at higher concentrations. The observed enhancement in antioxidant activity was attributed to synergistic electron and hydrogen-donating mechanisms among Ag⁰, metal oxides (TiO₂, ZnO, CoO), nanochitosan’s functional groups and phytochemicals retained from the leaf extract. The nanocomposite also exhibited pronounced antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties, demonstrating broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cytotoxicity studies on HEK 293 cells (a normal human embryonic kidney cell line) revealed minimal inhibitory effects, indicating low toxicity toward normal cells. Anticancer assessment using the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation, indicating the compound’s potential as an effective anticancer agent. These findings highlight the potential of this green-synthesized nanocomposite as a versatile bioactive agent for, food preservation, therapeutic and biomedical applications particularly in contexts involving oxidative stress and microbial contamination.

Graphical Abstract