<p>Magnetic nanocatalysts (MNCs) have emerged as powerful and sustainable tools in modern organic synthesis, offering high catalytic efficiency, easy recoverability, and reusability. This review focuses on recent advances in the application of magnetic nanocatalysts for alkoxycarbonylation and thioalkoxycarbonylation reactions, leading to the synthesis of esters and thioesters, key intermediates and products in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. The discussion highlights the design and functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with transition metals such as Pd, Ni, and Cu, which facilitate efficient carbonylation under mild conditions. Mechanistic insights into CO insertion, catalyst stabilization, and substrate activation are analyzed, emphasizing how nanoscale effects and magnetic supports enhance reaction selectivity and turnover frequency. Moreover, the recyclability of these catalysts via simple magnetic separation underscores their significance in green chemistry and process intensification. Comparative evaluations of catalytic systems, reaction parameters, and solvent effects are provided to guide future development. Overall, magnetic nanocatalysts represent a versatile and eco-efficient platform for ester and thioester synthesis via alkoxycarbonylation and thioalkoxycarbonylation, bridging the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis while aligning with principles of sustainable chemical manufacturing.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>