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<p>This study describes the design and fabrication of biomimetic hard-tissue scaffolds intended to promote dental stem-cell proliferation, composed of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) embedded within a metal–organic framework (MOF) matrix, type I collagen, and the anionic dispersant Darvan 821. Darvan 821 was incorporated to enhance particle dispersion, crystallinity, and mechanical performance without adversely affecting biological cues.&#xa0;Two scaffold formulations (with and without Darvan 821) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic-force microscopy (AFM).&#xa0;SEM demonstrated that adding Darvan 821 transformed the scaffold morphology from a compact, sheet-like structure with isolated pores to a highly interconnected micro-/mesoporous network with 65 ± 8% porosity (vs. 35 ± 5% without Darvan). DMA revealed substantial mechanical reinforcement: elastic modulus increased from 4.3 ± 0.5&#xa0;MPa to 12.9 ± 1.2&#xa0;MPa (3-fold), bending strength improved from 5.5 ± 0.8&#xa0;MPa to 30.2 ± 2.5&#xa0;MPa (5.5-fold), and toughness enhanced from 140 ± 15&#xa0;J to 773 ± 45&#xa0;J (5.5-fold). Peak load capacity increased from 24 ± 3&#xa0;N to 135 ± 10&#xa0;N. XRD showed sharper hydroxyapatite peaks with Darvan 821, indicating ~ 40% increase in crystallinity (calculated from FWHM reduction of the (002) peak from 0.85° to 0.51°). AFM revealed that Darvan 821 increased surface roughness (Ra) from 12 ± 2&#xa0;nm to 45 ± 5&#xa0;nm, providing enhanced topographical cues for cell attachment.&#xa0;The nHA/MOF scaffold reinforced with collagen and Darvan 821 exhibited superior structural, mechanical, and surface properties, demonstrating strong potential for applications in bone and dental-tissue engineering. Further in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations are recommended to confirm clinical efficacy.</p>

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Design and Fabrication of an Optimal Hard Tissue Scaffold Comprising Nano-hydroxyapatite and MOF for Dental Stem Cell Proliferation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Elham Saberian,
  • Mohsen Mehdipourghazi,
  • Janka Jenčová,
  • Adriána Petrášová,
  • Yaser Zafari,
  • Maryam Jalili Sadrabad,
  • Hadi Zare-Zardini,
  • Andrej Jenča Jr.,
  • Andrej Jenča,
  • Eliška Kubíková,
  • Mohammad Torkashvand

摘要

This study describes the design and fabrication of biomimetic hard-tissue scaffolds intended to promote dental stem-cell proliferation, composed of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) embedded within a metal–organic framework (MOF) matrix, type I collagen, and the anionic dispersant Darvan 821. Darvan 821 was incorporated to enhance particle dispersion, crystallinity, and mechanical performance without adversely affecting biological cues. Two scaffold formulations (with and without Darvan 821) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic-force microscopy (AFM). SEM demonstrated that adding Darvan 821 transformed the scaffold morphology from a compact, sheet-like structure with isolated pores to a highly interconnected micro-/mesoporous network with 65 ± 8% porosity (vs. 35 ± 5% without Darvan). DMA revealed substantial mechanical reinforcement: elastic modulus increased from 4.3 ± 0.5 MPa to 12.9 ± 1.2 MPa (3-fold), bending strength improved from 5.5 ± 0.8 MPa to 30.2 ± 2.5 MPa (5.5-fold), and toughness enhanced from 140 ± 15 J to 773 ± 45 J (5.5-fold). Peak load capacity increased from 24 ± 3 N to 135 ± 10 N. XRD showed sharper hydroxyapatite peaks with Darvan 821, indicating ~ 40% increase in crystallinity (calculated from FWHM reduction of the (002) peak from 0.85° to 0.51°). AFM revealed that Darvan 821 increased surface roughness (Ra) from 12 ± 2 nm to 45 ± 5 nm, providing enhanced topographical cues for cell attachment. The nHA/MOF scaffold reinforced with collagen and Darvan 821 exhibited superior structural, mechanical, and surface properties, demonstrating strong potential for applications in bone and dental-tissue engineering. Further in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations are recommended to confirm clinical efficacy.