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<p>The reaction of bis(N-salicylidene)-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl) ether (OsalH<sub>2</sub>) Schiff base ligand with Copper(II) metal salt afforded binuclear helicates constructed tetra coordinate Copper(II) complex formulated as [Cu2(4Osal)2]. This [Cu2(4Osal)2] complex was directly grafted onto amino silane linker MCM-41 materials (MCM-41@NH<sub>2</sub>) to produce Cu(II)-MSNs [MCM-41@Bi-Cu(II)(Osal)2]. The MSNs materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, SEM and TEM microscopy, TG analysis, ICP-AES, FTIR, UV-DRS, EPR, XPS and solid state <sup>13</sup>C-CP NMR spectroscopies. The obtained Cu(II)-MSNs heterogeneous catalyst demonstrated exceptional performance in the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives through three different energy sources utilizes the periodic process of Reflux, Ultrasonication, and Microwave irradiation, which is designated as RUM. Moreover, this straightforward protocol offers several advantages, including mild reaction conditions, simple work-up, easy preparation and high yields (97%) achieved within a short reaction time at reaction temperature. Overall, it was found that the micro-energy method was more efficient and resulted in higher yields compared to other two methods for the formation of quinoxaline products. The Cu(II)-MSNs could be recovered and reused for up to five cycles without significantly losing their catalytic ability.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable Synthesis of Quinoxalines via Reflux, Ultrasonication, Microwave irradiation with Heterogeneous Binuclear Copper(II) Schiff Base Complex Functionalized on Amino-Silane MCM-41

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Arumugam Selvi,
  • Paranthaman Vijayan,
  • Palaniappan Manikandan,
  • Manogaran Tamiliniyaa,
  • Selvaraju Nivetha,
  • Rajavel Rangappan,
  • Paranthaman Vijayakumar

摘要

The reaction of bis(N-salicylidene)-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl) ether (OsalH2) Schiff base ligand with Copper(II) metal salt afforded binuclear helicates constructed tetra coordinate Copper(II) complex formulated as [Cu2(4Osal)2]. This [Cu2(4Osal)2] complex was directly grafted onto amino silane linker MCM-41 materials (MCM-41@NH2) to produce Cu(II)-MSNs [MCM-41@Bi-Cu(II)(Osal)2]. The MSNs materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, SEM and TEM microscopy, TG analysis, ICP-AES, FTIR, UV-DRS, EPR, XPS and solid state 13C-CP NMR spectroscopies. The obtained Cu(II)-MSNs heterogeneous catalyst demonstrated exceptional performance in the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives through three different energy sources utilizes the periodic process of Reflux, Ultrasonication, and Microwave irradiation, which is designated as RUM. Moreover, this straightforward protocol offers several advantages, including mild reaction conditions, simple work-up, easy preparation and high yields (97%) achieved within a short reaction time at reaction temperature. Overall, it was found that the micro-energy method was more efficient and resulted in higher yields compared to other two methods for the formation of quinoxaline products. The Cu(II)-MSNs could be recovered and reused for up to five cycles without significantly losing their catalytic ability.

Graphical Abstract