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<p>The SnWO<sub>4</sub>@CuNiS@C nanomaterial was synthesized through a controlled hydrothermal method, with carbon spheres derived from dried sapodilla fruit peel, aiming to develop an eco-friendly material with photocatalytic, antibacterial, and biomedical applications. Multiple techniques, including Raman, FT-IR, UV-DRS, SEM–EDX, TGA, XPS, XRD, and BET analyses confirmed its structural, optical, and morphological characteristics. UV-DRS analysis revealed a maximum absorption at 614&#xa0;nm and a tunable bandgap energy ranging from 3.4 to 1.4&#xa0;eV, supporting its photocatalytic potential. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of Sn–O, W=O, Cu–S, and Ni–S bonds, while Raman spectroscopy identified intense polyphase modes (M–S, W–O, Sn–O, S–S). SEM showed agglomerated spheres with cubic and hexagonal morphologies (~ 300&#xa0;nm), and XRD confirmed multiple crystalline phases: orthorhombic (SnWO<sub>4</sub>), cubic (CuNi), monoclinic (Cu<sub>2</sub>S), and trigonal (NiS). TGA demonstrated high thermal stability, while XPS verified elemental binding energies and surface states. Functionally, SnWO<sub>4</sub>@CuNiS materials exhibited antibacterial activity against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, with measurable zones of inhibition at 25–100&#xa0;µg/mL. In anticancer assays against HT29 colon cancer cells, the material showed an IC₅₀ of 465.11&#xa0;µg/mL with 43.9% cell viability reduction. Photocatalytic investigation using MG dye under visible light demonstrated superior degradation efficiency of SnWO<sub>4</sub>@CuNiS@C (55.2% within 140&#xa0;min) compared to SnWO<sub>4</sub>@CuNiS (49.4% within 140&#xa0;min) and CuNiS (40.6% within 120&#xa0;min). The material also exhibited strong reusability and stability, with scavenger analysis confirming the involvement of active species in photocatalysis. SnWO<sub>4</sub>@CuNiS@C nanomaterial demonstrated excellent photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency, antibacterial effects against Gram-negative pathogens, and promising anticancer activity against HT29 colon cancer cells, establishing it as a multifunctional candidate for environmental and biomedical applications.</p>

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Tailored SnWO4/CuNiS/C Nanostructures for Integrated Photocatalytic, Antibacterial, and H29 Anticancer Activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月22日

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  • G. Gnanamoorthy,
  • Yuxi Guo,
  • S. Magesh,
  • S. Munusamy,
  • Virendra Kumar Yadav,
  • Ziyang Lu

摘要

The SnWO4@CuNiS@C nanomaterial was synthesized through a controlled hydrothermal method, with carbon spheres derived from dried sapodilla fruit peel, aiming to develop an eco-friendly material with photocatalytic, antibacterial, and biomedical applications. Multiple techniques, including Raman, FT-IR, UV-DRS, SEM–EDX, TGA, XPS, XRD, and BET analyses confirmed its structural, optical, and morphological characteristics. UV-DRS analysis revealed a maximum absorption at 614 nm and a tunable bandgap energy ranging from 3.4 to 1.4 eV, supporting its photocatalytic potential. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of Sn–O, W=O, Cu–S, and Ni–S bonds, while Raman spectroscopy identified intense polyphase modes (M–S, W–O, Sn–O, S–S). SEM showed agglomerated spheres with cubic and hexagonal morphologies (~ 300 nm), and XRD confirmed multiple crystalline phases: orthorhombic (SnWO4), cubic (CuNi), monoclinic (Cu2S), and trigonal (NiS). TGA demonstrated high thermal stability, while XPS verified elemental binding energies and surface states. Functionally, SnWO4@CuNiS materials exhibited antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, with measurable zones of inhibition at 25–100 µg/mL. In anticancer assays against HT29 colon cancer cells, the material showed an IC₅₀ of 465.11 µg/mL with 43.9% cell viability reduction. Photocatalytic investigation using MG dye under visible light demonstrated superior degradation efficiency of SnWO4@CuNiS@C (55.2% within 140 min) compared to SnWO4@CuNiS (49.4% within 140 min) and CuNiS (40.6% within 120 min). The material also exhibited strong reusability and stability, with scavenger analysis confirming the involvement of active species in photocatalysis. SnWO4@CuNiS@C nanomaterial demonstrated excellent photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency, antibacterial effects against Gram-negative pathogens, and promising anticancer activity against HT29 colon cancer cells, establishing it as a multifunctional candidate for environmental and biomedical applications.