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<p>A ternary hybrid nanocomposite consisting of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>), vanadium pentoxide (V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>), and polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized via ball-milling, and examined its multifunctional properties for energy and environmental applications. Structural and morphological characterizations have confirmed the successful intercalation of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and PANI into the layered g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> matrix, as evidenced by the X-ray diffraction peak shifts. SEM images has exhibited homogeneous dispersion of the ternary composite. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the characteristic functional groups corresponding to each component, confirming the formation of the composite. The energy bandgap of the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/PANI nanocomposite was observed to be 3.51&#xa0;eV, indicating a slight decrease compared to that of pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (3.97&#xa0;eV), facilitating improved light absorption. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) demonstrated that the magnetic saturation (Ms) value of the composite was 2.15 emu·g<sup>−1</sup>, obtained due to the presence of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. Electrochemical measurements have showed a Maximum specific capacitance of 45.67&#xa0;F·g⁻¹ at a current density of 1&#xa0;A·g<sup>−1</sup>, with an electrical conductivity of 0.023&#xa0;S·m⁻¹, exhibiting a moderate charge storage performance linked to conductivity constraints. Photocatalytic activity tests using methylene blue (MB) dye under UV illumination has indicated the degradation efficiencies of 76% for g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and 64% for V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> individually after 120&#xa0;min. The g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/PANI ternary nanocomposite has significantly enhanced this performance to 99% degradation under identical conditions, with optimal parameters including pH 7, catalyst dosage of 0.15&#xa0;g, and methylene blue (MB) concentration of 5 ppm. These results demonstrate that the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/PANI nanocomposite is a promising material that offers enhanced photocatalytic degradation.</p>

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Synergic Combination of g-C3N4/V2O5/PANI Ternary Nanocomposite for Energy and Environmental Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • Zhixuan Lai,
  • M. A. Ashwini,
  • Suresh Sagadevan,
  • Diah Susanti,
  • Mohd Rafie Johan

摘要

A ternary hybrid nanocomposite consisting of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), and polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized via ball-milling, and examined its multifunctional properties for energy and environmental applications. Structural and morphological characterizations have confirmed the successful intercalation of V2O5 and PANI into the layered g-C3N4 matrix, as evidenced by the X-ray diffraction peak shifts. SEM images has exhibited homogeneous dispersion of the ternary composite. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the characteristic functional groups corresponding to each component, confirming the formation of the composite. The energy bandgap of the g-C3N4/V2O5/PANI nanocomposite was observed to be 3.51 eV, indicating a slight decrease compared to that of pure g-C3N4 (3.97 eV), facilitating improved light absorption. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) demonstrated that the magnetic saturation (Ms) value of the composite was 2.15 emu·g−1, obtained due to the presence of V2O5. Electrochemical measurements have showed a Maximum specific capacitance of 45.67 F·g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A·g−1, with an electrical conductivity of 0.023 S·m⁻¹, exhibiting a moderate charge storage performance linked to conductivity constraints. Photocatalytic activity tests using methylene blue (MB) dye under UV illumination has indicated the degradation efficiencies of 76% for g-C3N4 and 64% for V2O5 individually after 120 min. The g-C3N4/V2O5/PANI ternary nanocomposite has significantly enhanced this performance to 99% degradation under identical conditions, with optimal parameters including pH 7, catalyst dosage of 0.15 g, and methylene blue (MB) concentration of 5 ppm. These results demonstrate that the g-C3N4/V2O5/PANI nanocomposite is a promising material that offers enhanced photocatalytic degradation.