<p>Water is a life support system for all the living entities of planet earth; we often fail to notice its importance until there is scarcity. Uncontrolled growth of population led to vast industrialization, consequently aggravating water contamination. Globally, near about 770 million human population is refrained from having excess to clean water. The major concern lies in exploring the sustainable, efficient, and environmental-friendly wastewater treatment practices. Though, electrocatalytic and photocatalytic mechanisms have gained a lot of attention in this regard, yet the inadequate efficiency, sustainability, and environmental issues are the major challenges with conventional semiconductors. In last few years, graphene nanomaterials (NMs) are exhibiting remarkable properties in the field of optoelectronics, environment, energy storage, biomedical, pharmaceutical, electronics etc. This is attributed to their magnificent physicochemical characteristics including abundant surface-to-volume ratio, diverse surface functional groups, astounding electron mobility, wide range of light absorption, along with superior mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability. On summing up these attributes of graphene NMs, it could be inferred that they can exhibit amazing catalytic activity. Besides it can kick-up the process of electro and photocatalysis for degradation of pollutants when integrated with materials such as metals, metal oxides, semiconductor composites etc. Thus, present review has been focused upon exploring the fundamentals of electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalayis and their role in wastewater treatment in association with graphene NMs and its hybrids. Besides, the environmental impact and sustainability in graphene-based catalysis is briefed. At last, the challenges involved in carrying graphene NMs-based pollutant removal from wastewater are discussed along with the future perspectives of current issue.</p>