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<p>Global environmental challenges and pathogen persistence in marine biofilms contribute to ecosystem imbalance. In this study, a green-engineered nanocomposite, nano zero-valent iron coated with chitosan polymer (nZVI@Chitosan), was created by combining nZVI, which is derived from Psidium guajava leaf extract, with chitosan, which is derived from prawn shell refuse. The presence of a core-shell structure characterized by Fe–O and Fe–N interactions was confirmed through FTIR, XRD, TEM, XPS, UV–DRS, ¹H NMR, WCA, and TGA. The nanoscale size was determined to be approximately 11.03&#xa0;nm, exhibiting high thermal stability with only 9% mass loss at 800&#xa0;°C, and demonstrating hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 90.8°. The nanocomposite demonstrated significant efficacy against marine <i>Exiguobacterium</i> sp., exhibiting a MIC of 500&#xa0;µg/mL, with complete cell death occurring within 3&#xa0;h at this concentration. The time-kill kinetics demonstrated a rapid bactericidal effect. The destruction of the biofilm was demonstrated by fluorescence and FE-SEM imaging. This indicates that the primary mechanisms involved are the generation of intracellular ROS and subsequent membrane damage. In agar well diffusion tests, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> exhibited greater resistance compared to <i>E. coli</i>. The MTT assay indicated viability of the mammalian cells (&gt; 90%) at MIC, demonstrating its environmental safety. The findings indicate that nZVI@Chitosan effectively eliminates bacteria and biofilms while maintaining safety for use. The green synthesis, stability, and bioactivity position it as a promising option for controlling microbial contamination and reducing biofilm formation in cooling systems at nuclear power plants and various marine-industrial environments.</p>

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Development of Novel Green Synthesized Chitosan Doped nZVI Nanocomposite and Its Synergistic Antibacterial and Anti-biofilm Activity Against Marine Bacteria Isolated from Nuclear Power Plant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月25日

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  • Puja Dokania,
  • Sourav Maity,
  • Y. V. Nancharaiah,
  • Angana Sarkar

摘要

Global environmental challenges and pathogen persistence in marine biofilms contribute to ecosystem imbalance. In this study, a green-engineered nanocomposite, nano zero-valent iron coated with chitosan polymer (nZVI@Chitosan), was created by combining nZVI, which is derived from Psidium guajava leaf extract, with chitosan, which is derived from prawn shell refuse. The presence of a core-shell structure characterized by Fe–O and Fe–N interactions was confirmed through FTIR, XRD, TEM, XPS, UV–DRS, ¹H NMR, WCA, and TGA. The nanoscale size was determined to be approximately 11.03 nm, exhibiting high thermal stability with only 9% mass loss at 800 °C, and demonstrating hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 90.8°. The nanocomposite demonstrated significant efficacy against marine Exiguobacterium sp., exhibiting a MIC of 500 µg/mL, with complete cell death occurring within 3 h at this concentration. The time-kill kinetics demonstrated a rapid bactericidal effect. The destruction of the biofilm was demonstrated by fluorescence and FE-SEM imaging. This indicates that the primary mechanisms involved are the generation of intracellular ROS and subsequent membrane damage. In agar well diffusion tests, Staphylococcus aureus exhibited greater resistance compared to E. coli. The MTT assay indicated viability of the mammalian cells (> 90%) at MIC, demonstrating its environmental safety. The findings indicate that nZVI@Chitosan effectively eliminates bacteria and biofilms while maintaining safety for use. The green synthesis, stability, and bioactivity position it as a promising option for controlling microbial contamination and reducing biofilm formation in cooling systems at nuclear power plants and various marine-industrial environments.