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<p>The current focus in bone tissue engineering is the development of 3D biomimetic hydrogels that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and support bone growth and regeneration. Among these, PVA/Gelatin (PVA/Ge) hydrogels have shown promise, particularly when incorporated with alendronate (ALN), a bisphosphonate drug known for its ability to inhibit bone resorption and treat bone-related disorders. In this study, plain PVA/Ge and ALN-loaded PVA/Ge hydrogels (at 0.01% and 0.1% concentrations) were fabricated using the xerogel method and characterized using FTIR and SEM. Their physicochemical properties were thoroughly evaluated, including swelling behavior, drug release profile, compressive strength, rheological properties, and thermal stability. In vitro assays were conducted, including MTT for cytotoxicity, Alkaline Phosphatase activity (ALP), and Alizarine red S (ARS) for assessing osteogenic potential. The results revealed that ALN-loaded hydrogels were non-toxic and significantly enhanced osteogenic activity, as exhibited significant increase of alkaline phosphatase activity was seen in hydrogels as 1.53 ± 0.01(PVA/Ge), 1.92 ± 0.02 (0.01% of PVA/Ge/ALN), and 2.21 ± 0.00 (0.1% of PVA/Ge/ALN) and calcium deposition was measured as 0.20 ± 0.00 (PVA/Ge), 0.22 ± 0.00 (0.01% of PVA/Ge/ALN), and 0.23 ± 0.00 (0.1% of PVA/Ge/ALN) after 7 days shows a higher proliferation. Moreover, hydrogels exhibit negligible bactericidal activity against two clinically significant pathogens i.e., <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>). Both PVA/Ge and PVA/Ge/ALN hydrogels showed promising structural, physicochemical, and biological characteristics. These hydrogels correlate with the essential criteria for an ideal scaffold in bone regeneration, includes well-architecture porosity, sustainable drug release, mechanical stability, and facilitate bone growth and tissue integration.</p>

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A Novel Formulation of Hydrogel Incorporated with Alendronate to Enhance Bone Regeneration: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Study Using Human Osteoblast-Like Cells (Saos2 Cell Line)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月24日

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  • Shiyang Chen,
  • Shilpa Perumal Narasimhamoorthi,
  • Palanisamy Arulselvan,
  • Xueqiang Qi

摘要

The current focus in bone tissue engineering is the development of 3D biomimetic hydrogels that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and support bone growth and regeneration. Among these, PVA/Gelatin (PVA/Ge) hydrogels have shown promise, particularly when incorporated with alendronate (ALN), a bisphosphonate drug known for its ability to inhibit bone resorption and treat bone-related disorders. In this study, plain PVA/Ge and ALN-loaded PVA/Ge hydrogels (at 0.01% and 0.1% concentrations) were fabricated using the xerogel method and characterized using FTIR and SEM. Their physicochemical properties were thoroughly evaluated, including swelling behavior, drug release profile, compressive strength, rheological properties, and thermal stability. In vitro assays were conducted, including MTT for cytotoxicity, Alkaline Phosphatase activity (ALP), and Alizarine red S (ARS) for assessing osteogenic potential. The results revealed that ALN-loaded hydrogels were non-toxic and significantly enhanced osteogenic activity, as exhibited significant increase of alkaline phosphatase activity was seen in hydrogels as 1.53 ± 0.01(PVA/Ge), 1.92 ± 0.02 (0.01% of PVA/Ge/ALN), and 2.21 ± 0.00 (0.1% of PVA/Ge/ALN) and calcium deposition was measured as 0.20 ± 0.00 (PVA/Ge), 0.22 ± 0.00 (0.01% of PVA/Ge/ALN), and 0.23 ± 0.00 (0.1% of PVA/Ge/ALN) after 7 days shows a higher proliferation. Moreover, hydrogels exhibit negligible bactericidal activity against two clinically significant pathogens i.e., Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Both PVA/Ge and PVA/Ge/ALN hydrogels showed promising structural, physicochemical, and biological characteristics. These hydrogels correlate with the essential criteria for an ideal scaffold in bone regeneration, includes well-architecture porosity, sustainable drug release, mechanical stability, and facilitate bone growth and tissue integration.