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<p>Composite chitosan (Cht) scaffolds containing stabilized hydroxyapatite (HA) and copper (Cu) particles were synthesized using a two-phase CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O system under high pressure. The study systematically investigated the influence of key factors—such as the method of HA incorporation (<i>in situ</i> vs. <i>ex situ</i>), chitosan concentration, and temperature conditions—on the structural properties of the Cht/HA_Cu composite materials. Characterization techniques including SEM, XRD, and IR-ATR were employed to analyze the resulting structures. It was found that composites produced from a more concentrated polymer solution (2%) had twice the Young’s modulus compared to those produced from a 1.5% chitosan solution. The addition of HA at a ratio of 1:2 with polymer and copper nanoparticles increased the values of Young’s modulus by up to 8–10 times, allowing for an index of 3&#xa0;MPa to be achieved. The composites exhibited high porosity (φ ~ 75–80%), excellent water absorption capacity (η ~ 80–90%), and pronounced antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with an activity index of about (I ~ 40%) relative to both bacterial strains. As the production process is biocompatible, the final product is expected to be non-toxic, non-pyrogenic, and potentially supportive of cell proliferation. These properties highlight its potential as a promising material for bone repair applications.</p>

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Chitosan/hydroxyapatite Composite Incorporated with Copper Nanoparticles: Production Using CO2-Based Solvent and Investigation of Physico-Chemical and Antibacterial Properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月10日

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  • Evgenii I. Perepelkin,
  • Nina M. Ivanova,
  • Victor G. Vasil’ev,
  • Eduard E. Levin,
  • Nelya M. Anuchina,
  • Regina R. Salokhedinova,
  • Ivan S. Chaschin

摘要

Composite chitosan (Cht) scaffolds containing stabilized hydroxyapatite (HA) and copper (Cu) particles were synthesized using a two-phase CO2/H2O system under high pressure. The study systematically investigated the influence of key factors—such as the method of HA incorporation (in situ vs. ex situ), chitosan concentration, and temperature conditions—on the structural properties of the Cht/HA_Cu composite materials. Characterization techniques including SEM, XRD, and IR-ATR were employed to analyze the resulting structures. It was found that composites produced from a more concentrated polymer solution (2%) had twice the Young’s modulus compared to those produced from a 1.5% chitosan solution. The addition of HA at a ratio of 1:2 with polymer and copper nanoparticles increased the values of Young’s modulus by up to 8–10 times, allowing for an index of 3 MPa to be achieved. The composites exhibited high porosity (φ ~ 75–80%), excellent water absorption capacity (η ~ 80–90%), and pronounced antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with an activity index of about (I ~ 40%) relative to both bacterial strains. As the production process is biocompatible, the final product is expected to be non-toxic, non-pyrogenic, and potentially supportive of cell proliferation. These properties highlight its potential as a promising material for bone repair applications.