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<p>The structural, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of sol-gel-synthesized Cu<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel cobaltite are investigated in this work. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms a phase-pure cubic spinel structure. Electrical characterization reveals semiconducting behavior governed by the Non-overlapping Small Polaron Tunneling (NSPT) model, with conductivity spectra aligning with the Random Barrier Model (RBM). Low activation energies (52 meV from DC conductivity and 41 meV from relaxation time) highlight enhanced charge carrier mobility and superior electrical transport. Dielectric responses are attributed to Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization, as supported by impedance spectroscopy, which reveals distinct relaxation dynamics. The temperature dependence of resistance indicates a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) in the sample. Magnetic studies demonstrate soft ferrimagnetic behavior, characterized by a low coercive field (132 Oe) and operational frequencies in the microwave range (1.3–1.4&#xa0;GHz), ideal for high-frequency applications. Optical measurements reveal lower bandgap energies (1.65&#xa0;eV and 2.25&#xa0;eV), reduced Urbach energy, a minimal extinction coefficient (~ 10<sup>−5</sup>), and notable nonlinear optical parameters, underscoring the material’s potential for optoelectronic devices. Compared to pristine CuCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, Fe substitution enhances resistivity, magnetization, and carrier mobility. This indicates that Fe substitution offers an opportunity to improve the functional properties of copper cobaltite.</p>

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Investigating the Structural, Electrical, Magnetic, and Optoelectronic Properties of Sol−Gel Synthesized Cu−Fe Spinel Cobaltite for Advanced Multifunctional Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月27日

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  • Sobhi Hcini,
  • Fakher Hcini,
  • Salah Knani,
  • Tarek S. Kayed,
  • Raihane Charguia,
  • Abdulrahman Mallah,
  • A. E. A. E. Albadri,
  • M. L. Bouazizi

摘要

The structural, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of sol-gel-synthesized Cu0.5Fe0.5Co2O4 spinel cobaltite are investigated in this work. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms a phase-pure cubic spinel structure. Electrical characterization reveals semiconducting behavior governed by the Non-overlapping Small Polaron Tunneling (NSPT) model, with conductivity spectra aligning with the Random Barrier Model (RBM). Low activation energies (52 meV from DC conductivity and 41 meV from relaxation time) highlight enhanced charge carrier mobility and superior electrical transport. Dielectric responses are attributed to Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization, as supported by impedance spectroscopy, which reveals distinct relaxation dynamics. The temperature dependence of resistance indicates a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) in the sample. Magnetic studies demonstrate soft ferrimagnetic behavior, characterized by a low coercive field (132 Oe) and operational frequencies in the microwave range (1.3–1.4 GHz), ideal for high-frequency applications. Optical measurements reveal lower bandgap energies (1.65 eV and 2.25 eV), reduced Urbach energy, a minimal extinction coefficient (~ 10−5), and notable nonlinear optical parameters, underscoring the material’s potential for optoelectronic devices. Compared to pristine CuCo2O4, Fe substitution enhances resistivity, magnetization, and carrier mobility. This indicates that Fe substitution offers an opportunity to improve the functional properties of copper cobaltite.