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<p>With the global emphasis on green and sustainable development, developed a biodegradable and adsorbent based on the graft Polysaccharide of Guar gum (GG) with the copolymer mixture of crotonic acid (CA), N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPA), and Vermiculite (Ve) clay. In this study, a novel GG-cl-poly (CA-co-NIPA)/Clay combo hydrogel was prepared using potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator and N, N-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) as the cross-linker through a free radical graft co-polymerization technique, and the maximum swelling percentage achieved is 4200%. The characterization of the combo hydrogel involves various methods, including FESEM/EDX, TEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and BET. The TEM image revealed a wrinkled, wave-like surface morphology of the clay, while the SEM analysis showed the porous nature of the combo hydrogel, which is capable of accumulating a large number of water and dye molecules. The combo hydrogel is highly stable in aqueous solution and has a zero-point charge at a pH higher than 5.2. The results showed that incorporating 8% clay into hydrogel improved the adsorption capacity for the removal of Maxilon blue dye (GRL), reduced diameter from 8.104 to 5.154 nm, and increased its maximum adsorption capacity for the GRL dye removal from 1168.82 mg/g. The Pseudo-first-order and Freundlich models best modeled the experimental adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm data, with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9797 and 0.9877 values, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of GRL dye onto the combo hydrogel was spontaneous (ΔG &lt; 0), and endothermic (ΔH &gt; 0). The clay, hydrogel, and combo hydrogel adsorbents can be easily regenerated through a simple acid-washing process, with minimal loss of adsorption performance even after six cycles of adsorption–desorption. Therefore, this study confirms the effectiveness of using a combo hydrogel as a promising adsorbent for removing toxic dyes.</p>

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High-Capacity Dye Adsorption by Low-Cost Combo Hydrogel: Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Regeneration Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月5日

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  • Aseel M. Aljeboree,
  • Khawla K. Jasim,
  • Noor Alhuda Sabah

摘要

With the global emphasis on green and sustainable development, developed a biodegradable and adsorbent based on the graft Polysaccharide of Guar gum (GG) with the copolymer mixture of crotonic acid (CA), N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPA), and Vermiculite (Ve) clay. In this study, a novel GG-cl-poly (CA-co-NIPA)/Clay combo hydrogel was prepared using potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator and N, N-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) as the cross-linker through a free radical graft co-polymerization technique, and the maximum swelling percentage achieved is 4200%. The characterization of the combo hydrogel involves various methods, including FESEM/EDX, TEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and BET. The TEM image revealed a wrinkled, wave-like surface morphology of the clay, while the SEM analysis showed the porous nature of the combo hydrogel, which is capable of accumulating a large number of water and dye molecules. The combo hydrogel is highly stable in aqueous solution and has a zero-point charge at a pH higher than 5.2. The results showed that incorporating 8% clay into hydrogel improved the adsorption capacity for the removal of Maxilon blue dye (GRL), reduced diameter from 8.104 to 5.154 nm, and increased its maximum adsorption capacity for the GRL dye removal from 1168.82 mg/g. The Pseudo-first-order and Freundlich models best modeled the experimental adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm data, with R2 = 0.9797 and 0.9877 values, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of GRL dye onto the combo hydrogel was spontaneous (ΔG < 0), and endothermic (ΔH > 0). The clay, hydrogel, and combo hydrogel adsorbents can be easily regenerated through a simple acid-washing process, with minimal loss of adsorption performance even after six cycles of adsorption–desorption. Therefore, this study confirms the effectiveness of using a combo hydrogel as a promising adsorbent for removing toxic dyes.