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<p>In biomedical sciences, 2D materials are gaining popularity where 2D-Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene is being used to treat diseases, including cancer. 2D-Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene has several properties, including good hydrophilicity, a high surface-to-volume ratio, and biocompatibility, which makes it an excellent platform for coating bioactive compounds or biomolecules to design a transition metal bioactive or transition metal biomolecule based drug delivery complex. To date, relatively few anti-cancer activities have been documented by plant-derived compound-coated-MXene. To explore this context, we have designed our study to synthesize hesperetin (a plant-derived molecule) coated 2D-Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene and characterize it by using various analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR, Zeta-potential, FE-SEM, EDS, and TEM. To investigate the comparative anti-cancer abilities, we treated HeLa (cervical cancer cell line) cancer cells with bare 2D-Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>, free hesperetin (HSP), and HSP-coated 2D-Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>_H) and assessed their activity by using the MTT assay and IC<sub>50</sub> value calculation. After obtaining the IC<sub>50</sub> value of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>_H, we have evaluated the cell cycle and apoptosis at concentrations ranging from 100 to 200&#xa0;µg/ml. Our finding determined that Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>_H exhibited higher cytotoxicity in HeLa cells than free HSP at a concentration of 200&#xa0;µg/mL. Importantly, Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>_H also explored with a lower IC<sub>50</sub> value, i.e., 141.6&#xa0;µg/mL, than free HSP molecules (IC<sub>50</sub>: 208.5&#xa0;µg/mL) on HeLa cancer cells after 24&#xa0;h of treatment. Additionally, Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>_H exhibited the increased HeLa cell population during the G2-M phase at 100&#xa0;µg/mL compared to the control and 200&#xa0;µg/mL treatment. Notably, increasing the concentration of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>_H from 100&#xa0;µg/mL to 200&#xa0;µg/mL also induces significant (****P value ˂ 0.0001) late apoptosis in HeLa cancer cells. The overall finding of this study indicates the significant ability to eradicate the HeLa cancer cells through 2D-Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-MXene coated hesperetin.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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In-Vitro Anti-cancer Therapeutic Effects of 2D-Ti3C2-MXene-Coated Hesperetin (Ti3C2_H) against Cervical Cancer Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月1日

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  • Vishal Kumar Deb,
  • Rashmi Yadav,
  • Animesh Samanta,
  • Kapil Kumar,
  • Utkarsh Jain

摘要

In biomedical sciences, 2D materials are gaining popularity where 2D-Ti3C2 MXene is being used to treat diseases, including cancer. 2D-Ti3C2 MXene has several properties, including good hydrophilicity, a high surface-to-volume ratio, and biocompatibility, which makes it an excellent platform for coating bioactive compounds or biomolecules to design a transition metal bioactive or transition metal biomolecule based drug delivery complex. To date, relatively few anti-cancer activities have been documented by plant-derived compound-coated-MXene. To explore this context, we have designed our study to synthesize hesperetin (a plant-derived molecule) coated 2D-Ti3C2 MXene and characterize it by using various analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR, Zeta-potential, FE-SEM, EDS, and TEM. To investigate the comparative anti-cancer abilities, we treated HeLa (cervical cancer cell line) cancer cells with bare 2D-Ti3C2, free hesperetin (HSP), and HSP-coated 2D-Ti3C2 (Ti3C2_H) and assessed their activity by using the MTT assay and IC50 value calculation. After obtaining the IC50 value of Ti3C2_H, we have evaluated the cell cycle and apoptosis at concentrations ranging from 100 to 200 µg/ml. Our finding determined that Ti3C2_H exhibited higher cytotoxicity in HeLa cells than free HSP at a concentration of 200 µg/mL. Importantly, Ti3C2_H also explored with a lower IC50 value, i.e., 141.6 µg/mL, than free HSP molecules (IC50: 208.5 µg/mL) on HeLa cancer cells after 24 h of treatment. Additionally, Ti3C2_H exhibited the increased HeLa cell population during the G2-M phase at 100 µg/mL compared to the control and 200 µg/mL treatment. Notably, increasing the concentration of Ti3C2_H from 100 µg/mL to 200 µg/mL also induces significant (****P value ˂ 0.0001) late apoptosis in HeLa cancer cells. The overall finding of this study indicates the significant ability to eradicate the HeLa cancer cells through 2D-Ti3C2-MXene coated hesperetin.

Graphical Abstract