Graphene Oxide-Mediated Sensing: A Triangulated Approach for Chromium Ion Detection with Dynamic Time-Dependent and Concentration Analyses
摘要
Occupational chromium exposure, especially in electroplating and stainless steel manufacture, can cause respiratory, skin, and lung cancer. The detection of chromium ions is crucial for environmental monitoring, as chromium contamination in water poses significant health risks, including cancer and organ damage. Early and sensitive detection of chromium ions is essential for ensuring public health safety and compliance with environmental regulations. Due to its large surface area and functional groups, graphene oxide (GO) offer detection for chromium, enabling good sensitivity and selectivity in metal ion detection. This paper thoroughly examines the detection of chromium metal ions using a combination of experimental, computational, and electrochemical methods. Chromium adsorption on GO (Cr-GO) was characterized at nine different concentrations (ranging from 10−1 to 10−9 M) using FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and TGA-DTA. The electrochemical properties of the Cr-GO sensor were assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), Tafel plot, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The potential range for CV and Tafel plot was − 1.5 to + 1.5 V with a sensitivity of 1 × 10−4 at 100 mV/s scan rate. The CV curve showed a current peak around 0.3 V whose current density increased with concentration. The value for the Limit of detection (LOD) is 2.59 × 10−8 M, while the Limit of quantification (LOQ) value is 8.65 × 10−8 M. During the detection over 10 days, the GO/GCE electrode maintained 88.8% of its peak intensity. The selectivity of the system was tested for chromium in the presence of other metal salts. DFT calculations are used to uncover the precise atomic-level information on the interactions between chromium and GO, which enhanced our comprehension of the sensor’s specificity and sensitivity. Further, NCI and ELF analysis for interactions have been performed.
Graphical Abstract