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<p>With regard to current environmental concerns, the development of lead-free substitutes, such as CsSnCl<sub>3</sub> perovskites, has become increasingly important, as lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are hampered in their advancement by stability and toxicity. Using SCAPS 1d simulation software, the lead-free absorber material CsSnCl<sub>3</sub>, which has a bandgap of 1.51&#xa0;eV, was investigated numerically in this work. The FTO/ETL/CsSnCl<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>6</sub>TBTAPH<sub>2</sub>/Au structure is examined and improved to achieve the highest efficiency achievable, using MZO, PC<sub>61</sub>BM, CdS, and ZnSe as ETL to create four distinct structures. The absorber’s layer thickness, acceptor, and defect density have been carefully optimized. The influence of additional factors, such as the thickness of the HTL and ETL, the donor and defect density of the ETL and acceptor and defect density of HTL is also seen. Following the final optimization, the FTO/MZO/CsSnCl<sub>3</sub>/C<sub>6</sub>TBTAPH<sub>2</sub>/Au structure showed a PCE of 32.11%, 1.36&#xa0;V for <i>V</i><sub>OC</sub>, 25.87&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup> for <i>J</i><sub>SC</sub>, and 90.59% for FF. The above discoveries have the potential to significantly advance lead-free, ecologically sustainable double perovskite solar cells (PSCs), making them more effective as well as creating the path for their eventual mainstream use.</p>

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An in Depth Analysis of CsSnCl3 Based Perovskite Solar Cell with Diverse ETLs and C6TBTAPH2 as HTL: A Numerical Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月18日

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  • Md Hamidur Rahman,
  • Fozlur Rayhan,
  • Ovijit Ghosh,
  • Ammar Ejaz Bajwa,
  • Md Shakib Hosen,
  • Md Shihab Uddin,
  • Md Abdullah Al Mashud,
  • Ajoy Kumer,
  • Md Mehedi Hasan Bappy

摘要

With regard to current environmental concerns, the development of lead-free substitutes, such as CsSnCl3 perovskites, has become increasingly important, as lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are hampered in their advancement by stability and toxicity. Using SCAPS 1d simulation software, the lead-free absorber material CsSnCl3, which has a bandgap of 1.51 eV, was investigated numerically in this work. The FTO/ETL/CsSnCl3/C6TBTAPH2/Au structure is examined and improved to achieve the highest efficiency achievable, using MZO, PC61BM, CdS, and ZnSe as ETL to create four distinct structures. The absorber’s layer thickness, acceptor, and defect density have been carefully optimized. The influence of additional factors, such as the thickness of the HTL and ETL, the donor and defect density of the ETL and acceptor and defect density of HTL is also seen. Following the final optimization, the FTO/MZO/CsSnCl3/C6TBTAPH2/Au structure showed a PCE of 32.11%, 1.36 V for VOC, 25.87 mA/cm2 for JSC, and 90.59% for FF. The above discoveries have the potential to significantly advance lead-free, ecologically sustainable double perovskite solar cells (PSCs), making them more effective as well as creating the path for their eventual mainstream use.