An Overview of Recent Advances in Inorganic Nanomaterials and MOFs in Modification of Forward Osmosis Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

The application of FO membranes for desalination technology faces several challenges. To address this issue various inorganic nanomaterials and MOFs for the surface modifications of FO membranes is discussed in this review. This review bridges the gap between the selection of nanomaterials and MOFs for FO membranes surface modification and application for complex wastewater stream treatment. Also, the selection of draw solution is also one of the important aspects in the FO process for wastewater treatment. Now, researchers are looking into the sustainable, low cost, low fouling and long service life FO membranes for desalination and wastewaters treatment, which aims at the homogeneous distribution of nanomaterials and MOFs, long life of membranes and regeneration of surface modified FO membranes to achieve a circular economy where wastewater are treated to get high quality water for reuse. The novel technologies of FO integrated with pressure restarted osmosis (PRO), membrane distillation (MD) with cost cutting advancement is discuss for the seawater and complex wastewater treatment.