The Importance of Mesoporous Materials (Silica, Alumina, and Zeolite) as Solid Supports for Metal Complex Catalysts in Organic Transformations

Recent advances in industrial catalysis are very important for the development of effective and efficient catalysts and catalytic methods. The review largely focuses on immobilization techniques that have been utilized for metal complexes, usually mesoporous materials such as silica, alumina, and zeolite. The supported catalysts have a wider range of catalytic applications than their neat or homogeneous counterparts. The active metal compound may be retained on the solid support by adsorption, ion exchange, encapsulation, or the formation of a covalent bond between the metal–ligand and the solid support. The supported complexes are used as catalysts for organic transformation reactions, such as oxidation and functionalization of organic compounds.