Synthesis, Characterization, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Nano Erbium Oxide Hybrid Nanocomposites

This study investigates polymer nanocomposite films fabricated via the casting method, blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with varying percentages of Er₂O₃ nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirms the semi-crystalline structure and high crystallinity of 40 nm Er₂O₃ nanoparticles, compatible with PVA. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the absence of new chemical bonds, while Raman spectroscopy hints at potential interactions between Er³⁺ ions and PVA hydroxyl groups. UV-visible spectra reveal Er₂O₃’s influence on optical properties, and photoluminescence spectroscopy demonstrates significant alterations in emission profiles upon nanoparticle inclusion. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) unveils distinct thermal transitions in PVA. The presence of well-defined endothermic peaks in nanocomposite films with 10 wt % and 20 wt % doping of Er₂O₃ nanoparticles confirms the crystalline nature of polymer nanocomposite films. The melting point temperature of Er₂O₃/PVA nanocomposites was increased compared to PVA. Electrical analysis reveals that the 10% Er₂O₃ composite exhibits both lower activation energies and the highest conductivity (1,188 10^− 7 S/cm), suggesting efficient charge transport. Interestingly, the presence of Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization is only observed in the 10% Er₂O₃ case (0.182 kJ/mol), reducing the overall electrical resistance and dielectric losses. Dielectric spectroscopy reveals diverse relaxation processes. These findings, highlighting compatibility, distinct thermal and electrical behaviors, and potential chemical interactions, suggest exciting possibilities for PVA/ Er₂O₃ nanocomposites in various technological applications.