A Novel Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide Based on the Fluorescent Peptide Self-Assembled Nanomaterials

Advancing enzyme-based electrochemical biosensor research heightens the need for improved biosafety and reduced biotoxicity. Conventional electrode materials face biotoxicity challenges, limiting their biomedical applications. Fluorescent peptide nanomaterials, however, provide superior biosafety, strong biological activity, and excellent electrochemical properties, offering significant advantages. In this study, a novel electrochemical biosensor was developed by utilizing phenylalanine-tryptophan (WF) dipeptide fluorescent nanoparticles (WF-DNPs) as the modified materials of electrode for immobilizing horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This electrochemical biosensor was employed for the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The incorporation of WF-DNPs not only facilitated electron transfer on the electrode surface but also provided a biocompatible microenvironment for the immobilization of HRP, thereby preserving the enzyme's catalytic activity. Under optimal experimental conditions, the constructed electrochemical biosensor exhibited a signal amplification effect, enabling the sensitive detection of H₂O₂ with a detection limit of 1.8 μM.